Note: Descriptions are shown in the official language in which they were submitted.
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DESCRIPTION
TITLE OF THE INVENTION: INSECTICIDAL, MITICIDAL, NEMATICIDAL,
MOLLUSCICIDAL, MICROBICIDAL, OR BACTERICIDAL COMPOSITION AND
METHOD FOR CONTROLLING PEST
TECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present invention relates to a pesticide characterized
by mixing an
isoxazoline-substituted benzamide compound or a salt thereof and an active
ingredient
compound of known insecticides, miticides, nematicides, molluscicides,
microbicides, or
bactericides.
BACKGROUND ART
[0002] First active ingredient compounds of a composition of the
present invention,
that is,
415-(3,5-dichloropheny1)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethypisoxazole-3-y1]-2-
methyl-N42-oxo-
2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyeamino]ethyl]benzamide and
(Z)-445-(3,5-dichloropheny1)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-y11-N-
(methoxyimino
methyl)-2-methylbenzamide, have been known as isoxazoline-substituted
benzamide
compounds having activities as pesticides (see, for example, Patent Documents
1 and 2).
[0003] Also, compounds described as active ingredient groups A to R
having
insecticidal activities, miticidal activities, nematicidal activities,
molluscicidal activities,
microbicidal activities, or bactericidal activities are second active
ingredient compounds of the
composition of the present invention (hereinafter, abbreviated as "second
active ingredient
compounds II"), and all of them are well-known (see, for example, Non-Patent
Document 1).
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[0004] In addition, compositions containing the first active
ingredient compound of
the present invention, that is,
4-[5-(3,5-dichloropheny1)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazole-3-y1]-2-
methyl-N-[2-oxo-
2-1(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]ethyl]benzamide or
(Z)-4-[5-(3,5-dichloropheny1)-5-trifluoromethy1-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-y1]-N-
(methoxyimino
methyl)-2-methylbenzamide and known insecticides, miticides, nematicides,
molluscicides,
microbicides, or bactericides, have also been known (see, for example, Patent
Documents 3, 4,
and 5).
Prior Art Documents
Patent Documents
[0005] Patent Document 1: W02005/085216
Patent Document 2: W02007/026965
Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2009-108046 (JP
2009-108046 A)
Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2012-153620 (JP
2012-153620 A)
Patent Document 5: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 2012-153621 (JP
2012-153621 A)
Non-Patent Documents
[0006] Non-Patent Document 1: The Pesticide Manual 16th Edition,
The British
Crop Protection Council, 2012
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
Problem to be Solved by the Invention
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[0007] Nowadays, insecticides, miticides, and microbicides are
developed for
controlling various pests, such as horticulture pests, forest pests, and
sanitary pests, and a
variety of such chemicals are prepared for actual uses. However, by using
these chemicals
for long years, pests have acquired insecticide resistances, and pathogens
have acquired
microbicide resistances. Accordingly, the cases that are hard to be controlled
by
conventional chemicals have been increasing in recent years. Also, some of
such chemicals
are highly toxic, and gradually disturbing ecosystems by remaining in
environments for long
years. Accordingly, developments of novel chemicals that are low toxic and low
persistent,
in addition to having excellent pest control effects, have always been
expected.
[0008] Meanwhile, when taking into account the biological diversities of
insects and
pathogens, and varieties of their modes and situations of infliction,
efficient control of all pests
in all situations is difficult by uses of only one type of such novel
chemicals or conventional
known chemicals. Accordingly, novel methods, in which a plurality of
insecticides, miticides,
nematicides, molluscicides, microbicides, or bactericides are suitably
combined so that higher
control effects can be induced, have been strongly demanded in order to
control harmful
organisms that are difficult to control.
Means for Solving the Problem
[0009] In view of above situations, and as results of intensive
studies to develop
pesticides that show excellent pest control activities, and show little
adverse impact to
mammals, fishes, and non-target organisms such as natural enemies and
beneficial insects, the
present inventors found that a composition that contains an isoxazoline-
substituted benzamide
compound and some known compounds having insecticidal, miticidal, nematicidal,
molluscicidal, microbicidal, or bactericidal activities exhibits excellent
insecticidal, miticidal,
nematicidal, molluscicidal, microbicidal, or bactericidal effects
synergistically, which could
not be expected from single uses of them, whereby the present invention was
completed.
[0010] That is, the present invention relates to compositions of
[1] to [6] (hereinafter,
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referred to as compositions of the present invention), and control methods of
[7] to [8]
(hereinafter, referred to as methods of the present invention) described in
below.
[0011] [1]
An insecticidal, miticidal, nematicidal, molluscicidal, microbicidal, or
bactericidal
composition comprising at least two types of active compounds with amounts
that are
synergistically active, in which the two types of active compounds include:
1) one or two active compound(s) I containing
445-(3,5-dichloropheny1)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethypisoxazole-3-y1]-2-
methyl-N42-oxo-
2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethypamino]ethyl]benzamide or
(Z)-445-(3,5-dichloropheny1)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-y1]-N-
(methoxyimino
methyl)-2-methylbenzamide; and
2) one or more active compound(s) II selected from active ingredient groups A
to R
below.
[0012] Active ingredient group A (inhibitors of nucleic acid
biosyntheses): benalaxyl,
benalaxyl-M, furalaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M, ofurace, oxadixyl, bupirimate,
ethirimol, and
hymexazol.
[0013] Active ingredient group B (inhibitors of mitoses and cell
divisions): benomyl,
carbendazim, fuberidazole, thiabendazole, thiophanate-methyl, diethofencarb,
ethaboxam,
zoxamide, pencycuron, and fluopicolide.
[0014] Active ingredient group C (inhibitors of respiration): diflumetorim,
benodanil,
benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram,
flutolanil, fluxapyroxad,
furametpyr, isofetamid, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen,
penthiopyrad,
sedaxane, thifluzamide, azoxystrobin, coumoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin,
enestrobin,
enoxastrobin, famoxadone, fenamidone, fenaminstrobin. flufenoxystrobin,
fluoxastrobin,
kresoxim-methyl, mandestrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin,
pyraclostrobin,
pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, pyribencarb-methyl, pyriminostrobin,
triclopyricab,
trifloxystrobin, amisulbrom, cyazofamid, dinocap, fluazinam, meptyldinocap,
fentin,
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tributyltin oxide, silthiofam, and ametoctradin.
[0015] Active ingredient group D (inhibitors of amino acid
biosyntheses and protein
biosyntheses): cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil, blasticidin-S, and
kasugamycin.
[0016] Active ingredient group E (chemicals affecting signal
transduction systems):
5 proquinazid, quinoxyfen, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil, chlozolinate,
iprodione, procymidone, and
vinclozolin.
[0017] Active ingredient group F (inhibitors of lipid syntheses and
cell membrane
syntheses): edifenphos, iprobenfos, isoprothiolane, pyrazophos, biphenyl,
chloroneb, dicloran,
etridiazole, quintozene, tecnazene, tolclofos-methyl, propamocarb
hydrochloride, and Bacillus
subtilis (Strain: D747, FZB24, GB03, HAI0404, MBI600, QST713, Y1336, and the
like).
[0018] Active ingredient group G (inhibitors of sterol
biosyntheses): azaconazole,
bitertanol, bromuconazole, climbazole, cyproconazole, diclobutrazol,
difenoconazole,
diniconazole, diniconazole-M, epoxiconazole, etaconazole, fenarimol,
fenbuconazole,
fluotrimazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, furconazole,
hexaconazole, imazalil,
imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, nuarimol, oxpoconazole
fumarate,
pefurazoate, penconazole, prochloraz, propiconazole, prothioconazole,
pyrifenox,
pyrisoxazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon,
triadimenol,
triflumizole, triforine, triticonazole, aldimorph, dodemorph-acetate,
fenpropidin,
fenpropimorph, piperalin, spiroxamine, tridemorph, fenhexamid, and
fenpyrazamine.
[0019] Active ingredient group H (inhibitors of cell wall syntheses):
validamycin,
polyoxins, polyoxin-D (polyoxorim), benthiavalicarb-isopropyl, dimethom*orph,
flumorph,
iprovalicarb, mandipropamid, pyrimorph, and valifenalate.
[0020] Active ingredient group I (inhibitors of melanin syntheses):
phthalide,
pyroquilon, tricyclazole, carpropamid, diclocymet, and fenoxanil.
[0021] Active ingredient group J (chemicals inducing host defense):
acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, isotianil, tiadinil, and laminarin.
[0022] Active ingredient group K (multifunctional chemicals):
bordeaux mixture,
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cheshunt mixture, basic copper carbonate, copper hydroxide, copper
naphthenate, copper
oleate, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, basic copper sulfate, oxine
copper, calcium
polysulfide, sulfur, amobam, ferbam, mancozeb, maneb, metiram, polycarbamate,
propineb,
thiram, ziram, captan, folpet, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, tolylfluanid,
guazatine,
iminoctadine-albesilate, iminoctadine-triacetate, anilazine, dithianon,
chinomethionat, and
fluoroimide.
[0023] Active ingredient group L (other chemicals): cyflufenamid,
cymoxanil,
diclomezine, dodine, ferimzone, flusulfamide, flutianil, fosetyl-aluminium,
metrafenone,
oxathiapiprolin, picarbutrazox, pyriofenone, tebufloquin, tolprocarb,
triazoxide, potassium
hydrogen carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, Chinese mushroom mycelium
extract,
Chinese mushroom carpophore extract, BCF-082 (test name), NNF-0721 (test
name), and
ZF-9646 (test name).
[0024] Active ingredient group M (insecticides): abamectin,
acephate, acetamiprid,
afidopyropen, afoxolaner, alanycarb, aldicarb, allethrin, azamethiphos,
azinphos-ethyl,
azinphos-methyl, Bacillus thuringiensis, bendiocarb, benfluthrin, benfuracarb,
bensultap,
bifenthrin, bioallethrin, bioresmethrin, bistrifluron, buprofezin,
butocarboxim, carbaryl,
carbofuran, carbosulfan, cartap, chlorantraniliprole, chlorethoxyfos,
chlorfenapyr,
chlorfenvinphos, chlorfluazuron, chlormephos, chlorpyrifos, chlorpyrifos-
methyl,
chromafenozide, clothianidin, cyanophos, cyantraniliprole, cyclaniliprole,
cycloprothrin,
cyfluthrin, beta-cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, gamma-cyhalothrin, lambda-
cyhalothrin, cypermethrin,
alpha-cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, cyphenothrin,
cyromazine,
deltamethrin, diafenthiuron, diazinon, dichlorvos, diflubenzuron, dimethoate,
dimethylvinphos,
dinotefuran, diofenolan, disulfoton, emamectin-benzoate, empenthrin,
endosulfan,
alpha-endosulfan, EPN, esfenvalerate, ethiofencarb, ethiprole, etofenprox,
etrimfos,
fenitrothion, fenobucarb, fenoxycarb, fenthion, fenvalerate, fipronil,
flometoquin, flonicamid,
fluazuron, flubendiamide, flucycloxuron, flucythrinate, flufenerim,
flufenoxuron, flufiprole,
fluhexafon, flumethrin, flupyradifurone, fluvalinate, tau-fluvalinate,
fonofos, furathiocarb,
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halofenozide, heptafluthrin, hexaflumuron, hydramethylnon, imidacloprid,
imiprothrin,
indoxacarb, indoxacarb-MP, isoprocarb, isoxathion, lepimectin, lufenuron,
malathion,
meperfluthrin, metaflumizone, metaldehyde, methacrifos, methamidophos,
methidathion,
methomyl, methoprene, methoxychlor, methoxyfenozide, metofluthrin, muscalure,
nitenpyram,
novaluron, noviflumuron, omethoate, oxydemeton-methyl, parathion-methyl,
permethrin,
phenothrin, phenthoate, phorate, phosalone, phosmet, phoxim, pirimicarb,
pirimiphos-methyl,
profenofos, prothiofos, pymetrozine, pyraclofos, pyrethrins, pyridalyl,
pyrifluquinazon,
pyriprole, pyriproxyfen, resmethrin, rotenone, silafluofen, spinetoram,
spinosad, spirotetramat,
sulfotep, sulfoxaflor, tebufenozide, teflubenzuron, tefluthrin, terbufos,
tetrachlorvinphos,
tetramethrin, d-tetramethrin, tetramethylfluthrin, tetraniliprole,
thiacloprid, thiamethoxam,
thiocyclam, thiodicarb, thiofanox, thiometon, tolfenpyrad, tralomethrin,
transfluthrin,
triazamate, trichlorfon, triflumezopyrim, triflumuron, ME5382 (test name), MIE-
1209 (test
name), and ZD12501 (test name).
[0025] Active ingredient group N (miticides): acequinocyl,
acrinathrin, amidoflumet,
amitraz, azocyclotin, benzoximate, bifenazate, bromopropylate, clofentezine,
cyenopyrafen,
cyflumetofen, dicofol, dienochlor, etoxazole, fenazaquin, fenbutatin oxide,
fenothiocarb,
fenpropathrin, fenpyroximate, fluacrypyrim, formetanate, halfenprox,
hexythiazox,
milbemectin, propargite, pyflubumide, pyridaben, pyrimidifen, spirodiclofen,
spiromesifen,
tebufenpyrad, and NA-89 (test name).
[0026] Active ingredient group 0 (nematicides): cadusafos, dichlofenthion,
ethoprophos, fenamiphos, fluensulfone, fosthiazate, fosthietan, imicyafos,
isamidofos, isazofos,
methyl bromide, methyl isothiocyanate, oxamyl, sodium azide, thiaxazafen, BYI-
1921 (test
name), and MA1-08015 (test name).
[0027] Active ingredient group P (insect removing chemicals):
acriflavine,
albendazole, atovaguone, azithromycin, bithionol, bromofenofos, cambendazole,
carnidazole,
chloroquine, clazuril, clindamycin hydrochloride, clorsulon, closantel,
coumaphos, cymiazol,
dichlorophen, diethylcarbamazine, diminazene, disophenol, dithiazanine iodide,
doxycycline
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hydrochloride, doramectin, emodepside, eprinomectin, febantel, fenbendazole,
flubendazole,
furazolidone, glycalpyramide, imidocarb, ivermectin, levamisole, mebendazole,
mefloquine,
melarsamine hydrochloride, metronidazole, metyridine, milbemycin oxime,
monepantel,
morantel tartrate, moxidectin, nicarbazin, niclosamide, nitroscanate,
nitroxynil, omphalotin,
oxantel pamoate, oxantel tartrate, oxfendazolee, oxibendazole, oxyclozanide,
pamaquine,
phenothiazine, piperazine adipate, piperazine citrate, piperazine phosphate,
PNU-97333
(paraherquamide A), PNU-141962 (2-deoxyparaherquamide), praziquantel,
primaquine,
propetamphos, propoxur, pyrantel pamoate, pyrimethamine, santonin, selamectin,
sulfadimethoxine, sulfadoxine, sulfamerazine, sulfamonomethoxine,
sulfamoildapsone,
thiabendazole, tinidazole, toltrazuril, tribromsalan, and triclabendazole.
[0028] Active ingredient group Q (antifungal agents): ketoconazole
and miconazole
nitrate.
[0029] Active ingredient group R (antimicrobial agents):
amoxicillin, ampicillin,
bethoxazin, bithionol, bronopol, cefapirin, cefazolin, cefquinome, ceftiofur,
chlortetracycline,
clavulanic acid, danofloxacin, difloxacin, dinitolmide, enrofloxacin,
florfenicol, lincomycin,
lomefloxacin, marbofloxacin, miloxacin, mirosamycin, nitrapyrin, norfloxacin,
octhilinone,
ofloxacin, orbifloxacin, oxolinic acid, oxytetracycline, penicillin,
streptomycin, thiamphenicol,
tiamulin fumarate, tilmicosin phosphate, acetylisovaleryltylosin, tylosin
phosphate,
tulathromycin, valnemulin, calcinated shell calcium (calcium oxide), genus
Talaromyces,
genus Trichoderma, and genus Coniothyrium.
[0030] [2]
The insecticidal, miticidal, nematicidal, microbicidal, or bactericidal
composition
according to [1], comprising the active compound II selected from the active
ingredients M.
[0031] [3]
The insecticidal, miticidal, nematicidal, microbicidal, or bactericidal
composition
according to [2], comprising the active compound II selected from the active
ingredient group
M consisting of chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, flubendiamide, gamma-
cyhalothrin,
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cyclaniliprole, tetraniliprole, spinosad, spinetoram, metaflumizone,
flupyradifurone,
flometoquin, bifenthrin, and flufenoxuron.
[0032] [4]
The insecticidal, miticidal, nematicidal, microbicidal, or bactericidal
composition
according to [3], comprising the active compound II selected from the active
ingredient group
M consisting of chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, flubendiamide, and
gamma-cyhalothrin.
[0033] [5]
The insecticidal, miticidal, nematicidal, microbicidal, or bactericidal
composition
according to any one of [1] to [4], in which the active compound I is
44543 ,5-dichloropheny1)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethypi soxazole-3-y11-2-
methyl-N42-oxo-
2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethypamino]ethyl]benzamide.
[0034] [6]
The insecticidal, miticidal, nematicidal, microbicidal, or bactericidal
composition
according to any one of [1] to [4], in which the active compound I is
(Z)-4-15-(3,5-dichloropheny1)-5-trifluoromethy1-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-y1]-N-
(methoxyimino
methyl)-2-methylbenzamide.
[0035] [7]
A method for controlling pests and diseases characterized in that a treatment
is conducted
with the one or two active compound(s) I as described in [1] and the one or
more active
compound(s) II as described in [1] at the same time or at different times that
are close to each
other.
[0036] [8]
A method for controlling pests characterized in that a treatment is conducted
with the one
or more active compound(s) I as described in [1] and the one or more active
compound(s) II as
described in [3] at the same time or at different times that are close to each
other.
[0037] [9]
A chemical for controlling a pest parasitic to honey bees comprising at least
one of
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4-[5-(3,5-dichloropheny1)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazole-3-y1]-2-
methyl-N-[2-oxo-
2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]ethyl]benzamide,
(Z)-415-(3,5-dichloropheny1)-5-trifluoromethy1-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-y1]-N-
(methoxyimino
methyl)-2-methylbenzamide, and salts thereof.
5 [0038] [10]
The chemical for controlling a pest parasitic to honey bees according to [9],
in which the
pest parasitic to honey bees is Varroa mite, Tropilaelaps clareae, or Acarapis
woodi.
[0039] [1 1 ]
The chemical for controlling a pest parasitic to honey bees according to [10],
in which the
10 pest parasitic to honey bees is Varroa mite.
[0040] [12]
A method for controlling the pest parasitic to honey bees, in which the
chemical for
controlling the pest parasitic to honey bees according to [9] is used.
Effects of the Invention
[0041] The composition of the present invention and the method of
the present
invention provide excellent synergistic control effects to a variety of pests,
and provide
sufficient synergistic control effects also to pests acquired resistances to
conventional
pesticides. Accordingly, the present invention can provide a useful novel
pesticide
composition and an effective control method using the composition.
MODES FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
[0042] One of the first active ingredients of the composition of
the present invention
is
4-[5-(3,5-dichloropheny1)-4,5-dihydro-5-(trifluoromethyl)isoxazole-3-y1]-2-
methyl-N-[2-oxo-
2-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]ethyl]benzamide [hereinafter, referred to as
Compound (1)] that
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is known as an isoxazoline-substituted benzamide compound. This is a well-
known
compound, and is described in W02005/085216.
F3C O¨N
CI
111100
C,
CN N CF3ii H
(1)
CI CH3 0
[0043] The other one of the first active ingredients of the composition of
the present
invention is
(Z)-445-(3,5-dichloropheny1)-5-trifluoromethy1-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-y11-N-
(methoxyimino
methyl)-2-methylbenzamide [hereinafter, referred to as Compound (2)] that is
known as an
isoxazoline-substituted benzamide compound. This is a well-known compound, and
is
described in W02007/026965.
F3C 43"-N
OCH3
Cl II (2)
CI CH3 0
[0044] The first active ingredient compounds of the composition of
the present
invention, Compound (1) and Compound (2), have optically active substances
caused by one
asymmetric carbon atom existing on an isoxazoline ring, and the optically
active substances
may encompass racemates or optically active substances having any enantiomeric
excesses.
Also, the first active ingredient compound of the composition of the present
invention,
Compound (2), may encompass a mixture of geometric isomers containing E-bodies
with any
percentages.
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[0045] Among the first active ingredient compounds in the present
invention, that is,
among Compounds (1) and Compounds (2), (hereinafter, abbreviated as the "first
active
ingredient compounds I"), examples of a compound that can become an acid
addition salt by a
conventional procedure include a salt of a hydrohalic acid, such as
hydrofluoric acid,
hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, and hydroiodic acid; a salt of an
inorganic acid, such as
nitric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, chloric acid, and perchloric
acid; a salt of a sulfonic
acid, such as methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid,
trifluoromethanesulfonic acid,
benzenesulfonic acid, and p-toluenesulfonic acid; a salt of a carboxylic acid,
such as formic
acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, fumaric acid,
tartaric acid, oxalic acid,
maleic acid, malic acid, succinic acid, benzoic acid, mandelic acid, ascorbic
acid, lactic acid,
gluconic acid, and citric acid; and a salt of amino acid, such as glutamic
acid and aspartic acid.
[0046] Among the first active ingredient compounds I in the present
invention,
examples of a compound that can become a metal salt by a conventional
procedure include a
salt of an alkali metal, such as lithium, sodium, and potassium; a salt of an
alkaline earth metal,
such as calcium, barium, and magnesium; and a salt of aluminum.
[0047] The second active ingredient compounds II of the composition
of the present
invention are well-known as insecticidal, miticidal, nematicidal,
molluscicidal, microbicidal,
or bactericidal compounds, and specific examples thereof are shown in Table 1
with the
compound symbols. The first active ingredient compound I in the present
invention, that is,
each of Compound (1) and Compound (2) can be used in combination with each of
the second
active ingredient compounds II shown in Table 1. Specific examples of the
combination
include "Compound (1)+Compound (a)" and "Compound (2)+Compound (gy)." Due to
appearances of resistant pests or resistant microbes, and due to lack of
insecticidal or
microbicidal spectra and residual activities in these compounds, spraying
amounts and
spraying frequencies of the chemicals tend to be increased, which in turn
increases risk to
humans, animals, and aquatic organisms. Thus, improvements in some of these
compounds
are required not only for control effects, but also for environmental safety.
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[Table 1]
No. Compound Name (Common Name) No. Compound Name (Common Name)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
a abamectin gY fuberidazole
b acephate gz thiabendazole
c acetamiprid ha thiophanate-methyl
d afidopyropen hb diethofencarb
e afoxolaner he ethaboxam
f alanycarb hd zoxamide
g aldicarb he pencycuron
h allethrin hf fluopicolide
i azamethiphos hg diflumetorim
j azinphos-ethyl hi benodanil
k azinphos-methyl hj benzovindiflupyr
1 bacillus thuringiensis hk bixafen
m bendiocarb hl boscalid
n benfluthrin hm carboxin
o benfuracarb hn fenfuram
p bensultap ho fluopyram
q bifenthrin hp flutolanil
r bioallethrin hq fluxapyroxad
s bioresmethrin hr furametpyr
t bistrifluron hs isofetamide
u buprofezin ht isopyrazam
/ butocarboxim hu mepronil
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
14
w carbaryl hv oxycarboxin
x carbofuran hw penflufen
y carbosulfan hx penthiopyrad
z cartap hy sedaxane
aa chiorantraniliprole hz thifluzamide
ab chlorethoxyfos ia azoxystrobin
ac chlorfenapyr ib coumoxystrobin
ad chlorfenvinphos ic dimoxystrobin
ae chlorfluazuron ie enestrobin
af chlormephos if enoxastrobin
ag chlorpyrifos ig famoxadone
ah chlorpyrifos-methyl ih fenamidone
ai chromafenozide ii fenaminstrobin
aj clothianidin ij flufenoxystrobin
ak cyanophos ik fluoxastrobin
al cyantraniliprole il kresoxim-methyl
am cyclaniliprole im mandestrobin
an cycloprothrin in metominostrobin
ao cyfluthrin io orysastrobin
ap beta-cyfluthrin ip pyrametostrobin
[Table 1 (continued)]
No. Compound Name (Common Name) No. Compound Name (Common Name)
aq cyhalothrin iq pyraoxystrobin
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
ar g am ma-c yhal o thri n ir pyribencarb-methyl
as lambda-cyhalothrin is pyriminostrobin
at cypermethrin it triclopyricarb
au zeta-cypermethrin iu trifloxystrobin
5 av cyphenothrin iv amisulbrom
aw cyromazine iw cyazofamid
ax de ltam ethri n ix dinocap
ay di afenthiuron iy fluazinam
az diazinon iz meptyldinocap
10 ba dichlorvos j a fentin
bb diflubenzuron jb tributyltin oxide
bc dimethoate i c silthiofam
bd dimethylvinphos j d ametoctradin
be dinotefuran j e cyprodinil
15 bf diofenolan i f mepanipyrim
bg disulfoton i g pyrimethanil
bh emamectin-benzoate jh blasticidin-s
bi empenthrin i i kasugamycin
bj endo sul fan j k proquinazid
bk alpha-endo sul fan i 1 quinoxyfen
bl EPN jm fenpiclonil
bm esfenvalerate in fludioxonil
bn ethiofencarb j o chlozolinate
bo ethiprole i P iprodi one
bp etofenprox i Ã1 procymidone
bq etrimfos jr vinclozolin
br fenitrothion is edifenphos
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
16
bs fenobucarb jt iprobenfos
bt fenoxycarb ju isoprothiolane
bu fenthion iv pyrazophos
by fenvalerate 1w biphenyl
bw fipronil ix chloroneb
bx flometoquin 1Y dicloran
by flonicamid jz etridiazole
bz fluazuron ka quintozene
ca flubendiamide kb tecnazene
cb flucycloxuron kc tolclofos-methyl
cc flucythrinate kd Bacillus subtilis
cd flufenerim ke azaconazole
ce flufenoxuron kf bitertanol
cf flufiprole kg bromuconazole
[Table 1 (continued)]
No. Compound Name (Common Name) No. Compound Name (Common Name)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
cg fluhexafon kh climbazole
ch flumethrin ki diclobutrazol
ci flupyradifurone kj difenoconazole
kl diniconazole
ck fluvalinate km diniconazole-M
cl tau-fluvalinate kn epoxiconazole
cm fonofos ko etaconazole
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
17
cn furathiocarb kp fenarimol
co halofenozide kq fenbuconazole
cp heptafluthrin kr fluotrimazole
cq hexaflumuron ks fluquinconazole
Cr hydramethylnon kt flusilazole
cs imidacloprid ku flutriafol
ct imiprothrin kv furconazole
CU indoxacarb kw hexaconazole
cv indoxacarb-MP kx imazalil
cw isoprocarb ky imibenconazole
cx isoxathion kz ipconazole
cy lepimectin la metconazole
cz lufenuron lb myclobutanil
da malathion lc nuarimol
db meperfluthrin Id oxpoconazole fumarate
dc metaflumizone le pefurazoate
dd metaldehyde If penconazole
de methacrifos lg prochloraz
df methamidophos lh propiconazole
dg methidathion li prothioconazole
dh methomyl lj pyrifenox
di methoprene lk pyrisoxazole
dj methoxychlor II simeconazole
dk methoxyfenozide lo tebuconazole
dl metofluthrin lp tetraconazole
dm muscalure lq triadimefon
dn nitenpyram lr triadimenol
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
18
do novaluron Is triflumizole
dp noviflumuron It triforine
dq omethoate lu triticonazole
dr oxydemeton-methyl lv aldimorph
ds parathion-methyl lw dodemorph-acetate
dt permethrin lx fenpropidin
du phenothrin ly fenpropimorph
dv phenthoate lz piperalin
[Table 1 (continued)]
No. Compound Name (Common Name) No. Compound Name (Common Name)
dw phorate ma spiroxamine
dx phosalone mb tridemorph
dy phosmet mc fenhexamid
dz phoxim md fenpyrazamine
ea pirimicarb me validamycin
eb pirimiphos-methyl mf polyoxins
ec profenofos mg polyoxin-D
ed prothiofos mh benthiavalicarb-isopropyl
ee pymetrozine mi dimethom*orph
ef pyrifluquinazon mj flumorph
eg pyriprole mk iprovalicarb
eh pyriproxyfen ml mandipropamid
ei resmethrin mm pyrimorph
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
19
ej rotenone mn valifenalate
ek silafluofen mo phthalide
el spinetoram mp pyroquilon
em spinosad mq tricyclazole
en spirotetramat Mr carpropamid
eo sulfotep ms diclocymet
ep sulfoxaflor mt fenoxanil
eq tebufenozide mu acibenzolar-S-methyl
er teflubenzuron my probenazole
es tefluthrin mw isotianil
et terbufos mx tiadinil
cu tetrachlorvinphos my laminarin
ev tetramethrin mz bordeaux mixture
ew d-tetramethrin na cheshunt mixture
ex tetramethylfluthrin nb basic copper carbonate
ey tetraniliprole nc copper hydroxide
ez thiacloprid nd copper naphthenate
fa thiamethoxam ne copper oleate
fb thiocyclam nf copper oxychloride
fc thiodicarb ng copper sulfate
fd thiofanox nh basic copper sulfate
fe thiometon ni oxine copper
ff tolfenpyrad nj calcium polysulfide
fg triflumuron nk sulfur
fh NC-515 nl amobam
fi ME532 nm ferbam
fj M1E-1209 nn mancozeb
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
fk ZDI-2501 no maneb
II acequinocyl np metiram
5 [Table 1 (continued)]
No. Compound Name (Common Name) No. Compound Name (Common Name)
fm acrinathrin nq polycarbamate
10 fn amidoflumet nr propineb
fo amitraz ns thiram
fp azocyclotin nt ziram
fq benzoximate nu captan
fr bifenazate nv folpet
15 fs bromopropylate nw chlorothalonil
ft clofentezine nx dichlofluanid
fu cyenopyrafen fly tolylfluanid
fv cyflumetofen nz guazatine
fw dicofol oa iminoctadine-albesilate
20 fx dienochlor ob iminoctadine-triacetate
fy etoxazole oc anilazine
fz fenazaquin od dithianon
ga fenbutatin oxide oe chinomethionat
gb fenpyroximate of fluoroimide
gc fluacrypyrim og cyflufenamid
gd formetanate oh cymoxanil
ge halfenprox oi diclomezine
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
21
gf hexythiazox oj dodine
gg milbemectin ok ferimzone
gh propargite ol flusulfamide
gi spirodiclofen om flutianil
gj spiromesifen on fosetyl-aluminium
gk tebufenpyrad 00 metrafenone
gl NA-89 op oxathiapiprolin
gm benalaxyl oq picarbutrazox
gn benalaxyl-M Or pyriofenone
go furalaxyl os tebufloquin
gP metalaxyl ot tolprocarb
gq metalaxyl-M ou triazoxide
gr ofurace ov potassium hydrogen carbonate
gs oxadixyl ow sodium hydrogen carbonate
gt bupirimate ox Chinese mushroom mycelium extract
gu ethirimol oy Chinese mushroom carpophore extract
gv hymexazol OZ BCF-082
gw benomyl pa NNF-0721
gx carbendazim pb ZF-9646
[0048] The characteristics of the composition of the present
invention and the
method of the present invention are as follows. First, insecticidal,
miticidal, nematicidal,
molluscicidal, microbicidal, or bactericidal effects are clearly enhanced
compared to when
those chemicals are used individually, and rapid insecticidal, miticidal,
nematicidal,
molluscicidal, microbicidal, or bactericidal effects are given. Second, broad
insecticidal,
miticidal, nematicidal, molluscicidal, microbicidal, or bactericidal spectra
and longer residual
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
22
activities are induced, which have not been seen in any of the conventional
insecticides,
miticides, nematicides, molluscicides, microbicides, and bactericides. Third,
spraying
amounts can be reduced compared to when those chemicals are used individually.
[0049] That is, the composition of the present invention and the
method of the
present invention provide synergistic insecticidal, miticidal, nematicidal,
molluscicidal,
microbicidal, or bactericidal effects. The synergistic insecticidal,
miticidal, nematicidal,
molluscicidal, microbicidal, or bactericidal effects cannot be expected from
an individual
insecticidal, miticidal, nematicidal, molluscicidal, microbicidal, or
bactericidal effect that each
of the chemicals provides, and thus usefulness of the composition of the
present invention and
the method of the present invention is that the certain control effects can be
provided to a
variety of pests than the case where each of the compounds is used
individually.
[0050] Among the compounds shown in Table 1 above, the compounds
whose
control effects are synergistically improved in combination with the first
active ingredient
compound I are shown in Table 2.
[Table 2]
No. Compound Name (Common Name) No. Compound Name (Common Name)
aa chlorantraniliprole al cyantraniliprole
am cyclaniliprole ar gamma-cyhalothrin
ca flubendiamide ey tetraniliprole
em spinosad el spinetoram
dc metaflumizone ci flupyradifurone
bx flometoquin q bifenthrin
ce flufenoxuron
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
23
[0051] The one or two first active ingredient compound(s) I and the
one or more
second active ingredient compound(s) II in the present invention can be
applied to a variety of
methods as described below.
1. Simultaneous applications, that is,
a) Mixed applications (i.e., for example, as mixtures for immediate uses such
as formula,
or mixtures in tanks) and
b) Individual applications (i.e., applications with individual tanks), or,
2. Sequential individual applications, in which order of the applications
generally does
not affect the results of the control method in any way.
[0052] Accordingly, the method for controlling harmful organism,
mites, nematodes,
molluscs, harmful microbes, and bacteria is conducted by applying at least one
of the first
active ingredient compounds I and at least one of the second active ingredient
compounds II
separately or together, or applying a mixture of at least one of the first
active ingredient
compounds I and at least one of the second active ingredient compounds II to
seeds, plants, or
soil by spraying or dusting, before or after seeding, or before or after
budding of the plants.
[0053] In the composition of the present invention and the method
of the present
invention, the optimal mixing ratio (ratio by weight) of the first active
ingredient compound I
and the second active ingredient compound II is within a range of 100:1 to
1:100, preferably
20:1 to 1:20, and particularly 10:1 to 1:10, depending on characteristics of
the compounds.
[0054] In the composition of the present invention and the method
of the present
invention, although the preferable treating amounts of the active ingredient
compounds vary
depending on types of the pests to be controlled, it is usually 0.1 g ai/ha to
1,000 g ai/ha for
the first active ingredient compound I and 0.1 g ai/ha to 1,000 g ai/ha for
the second active
ingredient compound II; and preferably 1 g ai/ha to 300 g ai/ha for the former
and 1 g ai/ha to
300 g ai/ha for the latter.
[0055] The composition of the present invention can be applied to
"agricultural
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
24
pests" and "agricultural diseases" which inflict horticultural crops, trees,
and the like;
"livestock pests" that are parasitic to livestock and poultry; "sanitary
pests" that adversely
affect living environments of humans, such as houses; and mites, nematodes,
and molluscs,
which rise and inflict in such situations. Specific examples of the pests,
mites, nematodes,
molluscs, and diseases which can be controlled with the composition of the
present invention
will be listed below, but not limited thereto.
[0056] Examples of the pests are as follows. Hymenoptera insects,
such as
Chestnut gall wasp (Dryocosmus kuriphilus). Argentine ant (Linepithema
humile), Army ant
(Eciton burchelli, E. schmitti), Japanese carpenter ant (Camponotus
japonicus), Pharaoh ant
(Monomorium pharaonis), Bulldog ant (Myrmecia spp.), Fire ant (Solenopsis
spp.)õ,ksian
giant hornet (Vespa mandarina), Japanese yellow hornet (Vespa simillima),
Large rose sawfly
(Arge pagana), European pine sawfly (Neodiprion sertifer), Chestnut sawfly
(Apethymus kuri),
Cabbage sawfly (Athalia infitmata), and Turnip sawfly (A thalia rosae).
[0057] Lepidoptera insects, such as Pear leaf miner (Bucculatrix
pyrivorella), Tea
leafroller (Caloptilia theivora), Apple leafminer (Phyllonorycter
ringoniella), Citrus leafminer
(Phyllocnistis citrella), Sweetpotato leaffolder (Helcystogramma
triannulella), Pink bollworm
(Pectinophora gossypiella), Persimmon fruit moth (Stathmopoda masinissa),
Peach fruit moth
(Carposina sasakii), Allium leafminer (Acrolepiopsis sapporensis), Yam
leafminer
(Acrolepiopsis suzukiella), Peach leafminer (Lyonetia clerkella), Lyonetia
prunifoliella
malinella, Diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella), Rice stem borer (Chilo
suppressalis),
Bluegrass webworm (Parapediasia teterrella), Cabbage webworm (Hellula
undalLs), Rice
leafroller (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis), Yellow peach moth (Conogethes
punctiferalis),
Cucumber moth (Diaphania indica), Mulberry pyralid (Glyphodes pyloalis), Asian
corn borer
(Ostrinia fiernacalis), European corn borer (Ostrinia nubilalis), Adzuki bean
borer (Ostrinia
scapulalis), Lesser corn stalk borer (Elasmopalpus lignosellus), Limabean pod
borer (Etiella
zinckenella), Peach tree borer (Synanthedon exitiosa), Cherry tree borer
(Synanthedon hector),
Toleria romanovi, Oriental moth (Monema flavescens), Parasa consocia, Parasa
lepida,
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
Parasa siniea, Artona martini, Illiberis pruni, Illiberis rotundata, Carpenter
moth (Cossus
insularis), Codling moth (Cydia pomonella), Plum fruit moth (Grapholita
dimorpha), Oriental
fruit moth (Grapholita molesta), Soybean pod borer (Leguminivora
glycinivorella), Soybean
podworm (Matsumuraeses phaseoli), Grape berry moth (Endopiza viteana), Smaller
tea tortrix
5 (Adoxophyes honmai), Summer fruit tortrix (Adoxophyes orana fasciata),
Asiatic leafroller
(Archips breviplicanus), Apple tortrix (Archips fuscocupreanus), Oriental tea
tortrix (hom*ona
magnanima), Dark fruit-tree tortrix (Pandemis heparana), Pine moth
(Dendrolimus
spectabilis), Japanese hemlock caterpillar (Dendrolimus superans), Japanese
bamboo lappet
moth (Euthrix albomaculata), Drinker moth (Euthrix potatoria), Oriental lappet
(Gastropacha
10 orientalis), Kunugia undans, Kunugia yamadai, Tomato hornworm (Manduca
quinquemaculata), Tobacco hornworm (Manduca sexta), Fall webworm moth
(Hyphantria
cunea), Mulberry tiger moth (Lemyra imparilis), Eilema fuscodorsalis, Eilema
laevis, Oriental
tussock moth (Artaxa subflava), Euproctis piperita, Tea tussock moth
(Euproctis
pseudoconspersa), Swan moth (Sphrageidus similis), Gypsy moth (Lymantria
dispar),
15 White-spotted tussock moth (Orgyia thyellina), Rice green caterpillar
(Naranga aenescens),
Adris tyrannus, Sweet potato leaf worm (Aedia leucomelas), Cabbage armyworm
(Mamestra
brassicae), Oriental armyworm (Pseudaletia separata), Lawn grass cutworm
(Spodoptera
depravata), Southern armyworm (Spodoptera eridania), Beet armyworm (Spodoptera
exigua),
Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda), Cotton leafworm (Spodoptera
littoralis), Common
20 cutworm (Spodoptera litura), Cotton bollworm (Helicoverpa armigera),
Oriental tobacco
budworm (Helicoverpa assulta), Tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), Corn
earworm
(Helicoverpa zea), Black cutworm (Agrotis ipsilon), Turnip moth (Agrotis
segetum), Asiatic
common looper (Autographa nigrisigna), Threespotted plusia (Ctenoplusia
agnata), Soybean
looper (Pseudoplusia includens), Cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni), Japanese
giant looper
25 (Ascotis selenaria), Large white (P/ens brassicae), Cabbage white
butterfly (Pieris rapae
crucivora), Straight swift (Parnara guttata), cotton leafworm (Alabama
argillacea), and
sugarcane borer (Diatraea sacharalis).
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
26
[0058] Diptera insects, such as Melon fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae),
Oriental fruit fly
(Bactrocera dorsalis), Queensland fruit fly (Bactrocera tryoni), Japanese
orange fly
(Bactrocera tsuneonis), Mediterranean fruit fly (Ceratitis capitata), Mexican
fruit fly
(Anastrepha ludens), Apple maggot (Rhagoletis pomonella), Rice leaf miner
(Agromyza
oryzae), Pea leaf miner (Chromatomyia horticola), Cabbage leafminer (Liriomyza
brassicae),
Tomato leaf miner (Liriomyza bryoniae), Stone leek leafminer (Liriomyza
chinensis), Pea
leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis), Tomato leafminer (Liriomyza sativae),
Serpentine
leafminer (Liriomyza trifolii), Japanese fruit fly (Drosophila suzukii),
Smaller rice leaf miner
(Hydrellia griseola), Tsetse fly (Glossina morsitans, G palpalis), Forest fly
(Hippobosca
equina), Sheep ked (Melophagus ovinus), Onion fly (Delia antiqua), Seed corn
maggot (Delia
platura), Beet leaf miner (Pegomya cunicularia), Lesser house fly (Fannia
canicularis), Sheep
headfly (Hydrotaea irritans), Sweat fly (Morellia simplex), Face fly (Musca
autumnalis),
Housefly (Musca domestica), Australian bush fly (Musca vetustissima), Horn fly
(Haematobia
irritans), Stable fly (Stomoxys calcitrans), Calliphora lata, Bottle fly
(Calliphora vicina), Old
World screw-worm fly (Chrysomya bezziana), Blow fly (Chrysomya chloropyga),
Oriental
latrine fly (Chrysomya megacephala), New World screw-worm fly (Cochliomyia
hominivorax),
Black blow fly (Phormia regina), Northern blowfly (Protophormia terraenovae),
Australian
sheep blowfly (Lucilia cuprina), Green bottle fly (Lucilia illustris), Common
green bottle fly
(Lucilia sericata), Bot flies (Cuterebra spp.), Human botfly (Dermatobia
hominis), Horse nose
bot fly (Gasterophilus haemorrhoidalis), Horse bot fly (Gasterophilus
intestinalis), Throat bot
fly (Gasterophilus nasalis), Warble fly (Hypoderma bovis), Common cattle grub
(Hypoderma
lineatum), Sheep nasal bot fly (Oestrus ovis), Flesh fly (Sarcophaga
carnaria), Flesh fly
(Sarcophaga peregrina), Splayed deerfly (Chrysops caecutiens), Deer fly
(Chrysops suavis),
Common horse fly (Haematopota pluvialis), Greenhead horse fly (Tabanus
nigrovittatus),
Horse fly (Tabanus trigonus), Soybean pod gall midge (Asphondylia yushimai),
Hessian fly
(Mayetiola destructor), Orange wheat blossom midge (Sitodiplosis mosellana),
Biting midge
(Culicoides arakawae), Black gnat (Leptoconops nipponensis), Prosimulium
yezoensis, Black
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
27
fly (Simuliurn ochraceum), African malaria mosquito (Anopheles gambiae),
Anopheles
hyrcanus sinesis, Anopheles lesteri, Yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti),
Asian tiger
mosquito (Aedes albopictus), House mosquito (Culex pipiens molestus), House
mosquito
(Culex pipiens pallens), Culex tritaeniorhynchus, Sandfly (Phlebotomus spp.),
and Moth fly
(Telrnatoscopus albipunctatus).
[0059] Siphonaptera insects, such as Hen flea (Ceratophyllus
gallinae), Chigoe flea
(Tunga penetrans), Dog flea (Ctenocephalides canis), Cat flea (Ctenocephalides
fells),
Sticktight flea (Echidnophaga gallinacea), Human flea (Pulex irritans), and
Oriental rat flea
(Xenopsylla cheopis).
[0060] Coleoptera insects, such as Tobacco beetle (Lasioderma serricorne),
Common
bean weevil (Acanthoscelides obtectus), Adzuki bean beetle (Callosobruchus
chinensis),
Grape borer (Xylotrechus pyrrhoderus), Asian long-horn beetle (Anoplophora
glabripennis),
White-spotted longicorn beetle (Anoplophora malasiaca), Japanese pine sawyer
(Monochamus alternatus), Yellow-spotted longicom beetle (Psacothea hilaris),
Colorado
potato beetle (Leptinotarsa decemlineata), Mustard leaf beetle (Phaedon
cochleariae), Rice
leaf beetle (Oulema oryzae), Reaf beetle (Demotina fasciculata), Cucurbit leaf
beetle
(Aulacophora femoralis), Beet flea beetle (Chaetocnema concinna), Northern
corn rootworm
(Diabrotica barberi), Southern corn rootworm (Diabrotica undecimpunctata),
Western corn
rootworm (Diabrotica virgifera), Striped flea beetle (Phyllotreta striolata),
Solanum flea
beetle (Psylliodes angusticollis), Mexican been beetle (Epilachna varivestis),
Large
twenty-eight-spotted ladybird (Epilachna vigintioctomaculata), Twentyeight-
spotted ladybird
(Epilachna vigintioctopunctata), Epuraea domina, Pollen beetle (Meligethes
acne us), Peach
curculio (Rhynchites heros), Sweetpotato weevil (Cylas formicarius), West
Indian sweet
potato weevil (Euscepes postfasciatus), Boll weevil (Anthonomus grandis),
White-fringed
beetle (Graphognatus leucoloma), Black vine weevil (Otiorhynchus sulcatus),
Alfalfa weevil
(Hypera postica), Granary weevil (Sitophilus granarius), Maize weevil
(Sitophilus zeamai.$),
Hunting billbug (Sphenophorus venatus vestitus), Rice plant weevil
(Echinocnemus squameus),
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
28
Rice water weevil (Lissohoptrus oryzophilus), Yellow mealworm (Tenebrio
molitor), Red flour
beetle (Tribolium castaneurn), Sweetpotato wireworm (Melanotus fortnumi),
Sugarcane
wireworm (Melanotus tamsuyensis), Citrus flower chafer (Gametis jucunda),
Yellowish
elongate chafer (Heptophylla picea), Cupreous chafer (Anomala cuprea), Soybean
beetle
(Anomala rufocuprea), Japanese beetle (Popillia japonica), and Rove beetle
(Paederus
fuscipes).
[0061] Hemiptera insects, such as Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina
citri), Pear sucker
(Psylla pyrisuga), Camellia spiny whitefly (Aleurocanthus camelliae), Orange
spiny whitefly
(Aieurocanthus spinUerus), Silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia argentifblii),
Sweetpotato whitefly
(Bemisia tabaci), Citrus whitefly (Dialeurodes citri), Greenhouse whitefly
(Trialeurodes
vaporariorum), Pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), Col,vpea aphid (Aphis
craccivora), Black
bean aphid (Aphis fabae), Soybean aphid (Aphis glycines), Cotton aphid (Aphis
gossypii),
Green apple aphid (Aphis pomi), Spiraea aphid (Aphis spiraecola), Foxglove
aphid
(Aulacorthum solani), Leafcurl plum aphid (Brachycaudus helichrysi), Cabbage
aphid
(Brevicoryne brassicae), Walnut aphid (Chromaphis juglandicola), Russian wheat
aphid
(Diuraphis noxia), Rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea), Mealy plum aphid
(Hyalopterus
pruni), Turnip aphid (Lipaphis erysimi), Potato aphid (Macrosiphum
euphorbiae),
Blackmargined aphid (Monellia caryella), Green peach aphid (Myzus persicae),
Lettuce aphid
(Nasonovia ribisnigri), Onion aphid (Neotoxoptera formosana), Bird cherry-oat
aphid
(Rhopalosiphum padi), Rice root aphid (Rhopalosiphum rufiabdominalis), Corn
leaf aphid
(Sitobion akebiae), English grain aphid (Sitobion avenae), Greenbug
(Schizaphis graminum),
Black citrus aphid (Toxoptera aurantii), Brown citrus aphid (Toxoptera
citricida), Wooly apple
aphid (Eriosoma lanigerum), Grape phylloxera (Viteus vitifolii), Indian wax
scale (Ceroplastes
ceriferus), Red wax scale (Ceroplastes rubens), Citricola scale (Coccus
pseudomagnoliarum),
California red scale (Aonidiella aurantii), San jose scale (Comstockaspis
perniciosa), Tea
scale (Fiorinia theae), Peony scale (Pseudaonidia paeoniae), Mulberry scale
(Pseudaulacaspis pentagona), White peach scale (Pseudaulacaspis prunicola),
Citrus snow
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
29
scale (Unaspis citri), Euonymus scale (Unaspis euonymi), Arrowhead scale
(Unaspis
yanonensis), Giant margarodid scale (Drosicha corpulenta), Cottony cushion
scale (Icerya
purchasi), Cotton mealy bug (Phenacoccus solani), Citrus mealybug (Planococcus
citri),
Japanese mealybug (Planococcus kuraunhiae), Comstock mealybug (Pseudococcus
comstocki), Grape mealybug (Pseudococcus maritimus), Small brown planthopper
(Laodelphax striate/la), Brown rice planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), White-
backed rice
planthopper (Sogatella.fitrcifera), Grape Leafhopper (Epiacanthus stramineus),
Indian cotton
leafhopper (Amrasca devastans), Beardsley leafhopper (Balclutha saltuella),
Aster leafhopper
(Macrosteles fascifrons), Macrosteles striifrons, Green rice leafhopper
(Nephotettix cincticeps),
Grape Leafhopper (Arboridia apicalis), Potato Leafhopper (Empoasca fabae),
Empoasca
nipponica, Tea green leafhopper (Empoasca onukii), Bean's smaller green
leafhopper
(Empoasca sakaii), Sloe bug (Dolycoris baccarum), Cabbage bug (Eurydema
rugosa),
Whitespotted spined bug (Eysarcoris acne us), Eysarcoris lewisi, White-spotted
stink bug
(Eysarcoris ventralis), Sheild bug (Glaucias subpunctatus), Brown marmorated
stink bug
(Halyomorpha halys), Eastern green stink bug (Nezara antennata), Southern
green stink bug
(Nezara viridula), Redbanded stink bug (Piezodorus guildinii), Redbanded
shield bug
(Piezodorus hybneri), Brown-winged green bug (Plautia crossota), Japanese
black rice bug
(Scotinophora lurida), Bean bug (Riptortus clavatus), Rice bug (Leptocorisa
chinensis), Rice
stink bug (Cletus punctiger), Squash bug (Paradasynus spinosus), Rhopalid bug
(Rhopalus
maculatus), True chinch bug (Blissus leucopterus), Oriental chinch bug
(Cavelerius
saccharivorus), Seed bug (Togo hemipterus), Red cotton bug (Dysdercus
cingulatus),
Blood-sucking bug (Rhodnius prolixus), Kissing bug (Triatoma dimidiata),
Kissing bug
(Triatoma infestans), green stink bug (Acrosternum hi/are), brown stink bug
(Euschistus
servus), southern green stink bug (Nezara viridula), Tarnished plant bug
(Lygus lineolaris),
Dichelops furcatus, sugarcane spittlebug (Mahanarva fimbriolata), Azalea lace
bug
(Stephanitis pyrioides), Bed bug (Cimex lectularius), Pale greenplant bug
(Apolygus spinolae),
Western tarnished plant bug (Lygus hesperus), Tarnished plant bug (Lygus
lineolaris), Rice
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
stink bug (Stenodema sibiricum), Sorghum plant bug (Stenotus rubrovittatus),
Rice leaf bug
(Trigonotylus caelestialium), Island fleahopper (Halticus insularis), and
Cotton fleahopper
(Pseudatomoscelis seriatus).
[0062] Thysanoptera insects, such as Flower thrips (Frankliniella
intonsa), Western
5 -- flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis), Greenhouse thrips
(Heliothrips haemorrhoidalis),
Yellow tea thrips (Scirtothrips dorsalis), Melon thrips (Thrips palmi), Onion
thrips (Thrips
tabaci), and Japanese gall-forming thrips (Ponticulothrips diospyrosi).
[0063] Psocodea insects, such as Body louse (Menacanthus cornutus),
Small body
louse (Menacanthus pallidulus), Chicken body louse (Menacanthus stramineus),
Chicken
10 -- shaft louse (Menopon gallinae), Chicken head louse (Cuclotogaster
heterographa), Brown
chicken louse (Goniodes dissmilis), Fluff louse (Goniodes gallinae), Large hen
louse
(Goniodes gigas), Wing louse (Lipeurus caponis), Cattle chewing louse
(Damalinia bovis),
Cat louse (Felicola subrostrata), Dog biting louse (Trichodectes canis), Short-
nosed cattle
louse (Haematopinus eurysternus), Tail switch louse (Haematopinus
quadripertusus), Large
15 -- pig louse (Haematopinus suis), Buffalo louse (Haematopinus
tuberculatus), Dog sucking louse
(Linognathus setosus), Long-nosed cattle louse (Linognathus vituri), Rabbit
louse
(Haemodipsus ventricosus), Little blue cattle louse (Solenopotes capillatus),
Head louse
(Pediculus humanus), Mouse louse (Polyp/ax serratus), and Crab louse (Pthirus
pubis).
[0064] Orthoptera insects, such as Desert locust (Schistocerca
gregaria), Australian
20 -- plague locust (Chortoicetes terminifera), Migratory locust (Locusta
migratoria), Lesser paddy
grasshopper (Oxya japonica), Rice grasshopper (Oxya yezoensis), Emma field
cricket
(Teleogryllus emma), and Oriental mole cricket (Gryllotalpa orientalis).
[0065] Dictyoptera insects, such as German co*ckroach (Blattella
germanica),
American co*ckroach (Periplaneta americana), Smoky-brown co*ckroach (Periplaneta
25 -- ,fuliginosa), Japanese co*ckroach (Periplaneta japonica), Daikoku dry-
wood termite
(Cryptotermes domesticus), Western dry-wood termite (Incisitermes minor),
Formosan
subterranean termite (Coptotermes formosanus), Japanese subterranean termite
(Reticulitermes
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
31
speratus), and Black-winged subterranean termite (Odontotermes formosanus).
[0066] Collembola: Hexapoda, such as Rootfeeding springtail
(Onychiurus folsorni),
Onychiurus sibiricus, and Garden springtail (Bourletiella hortensis).
[0067] Isopoda crustaceans, such as Pill bug (Armadillidium
vulgare) and Common
rough woodlouse (Porcellio scaber).
[0068] Arguloida crustaceans, such as Argulus coregoni, Japanese
fishlouse (Argulus
japonicus), and Argulus scutiformis.
[0069] Siphonostomatoida crustaceans, such as Sea louse (Caligus
curtus, C.
elongatus) and Salmon louse (Lepeophtheirus salmonis).
[0070] Astigmata: Acarina, such as Storage mite (Glycyphagus destructor),
House
itch mite (Glycyphagus domesticus), Brown-legged grain mite (Aleuroglyphus
ovatus), Cheese
mite (T.Prophagus putrescentiae), Tyrophagus similis, Bulb mite (Rhizoglyphus
robini), Feather
mite (Pterolichus obtusus), Feather mite (Megninia cubitalis), American house
dust mite
(Dermatophagoides farinae), House dust mite (Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus),
Chorioptic
mange mite (Chorioptes bovis), Dog ear mite (Otodectes cynotis), Psoroptic
mite (Psoroptes
communis), Rabbit ear mite (Psoroptes cuniculi), Sheep scab mite (Psoroptes
ovis), Itch mite
(Sarcoptes scabiei), and Cat mange mite (Notoedres cati).
[0071] Oribatida: Acarina, such as Haplochthonius simplex.
[0072] Prostigmata: Acarina, such as Chelacaropsis moorei,
Cheyletiella blakei,
Rabbit fur mite (Cheyletiella parasitovorax), Cheyletiella yasguri, Cheyletus
eruditus,
Cheyletus malaccensis, Dog follicle mite (Demodex canis), Cat follicle mite
(Demodex cati),
Face mite (Demodex folliculorum), Wheat curl mite (Aceria tulipae), Pear rust
mite
(Eriophyes chibaensis), Peach bud mite (Eriophyes insidiosus), Pearleaf
blister mite
(Eriophyes pyri), Tea rust mite (Acaphylla theavagrans), Tomato russet mite
(Aculops
lycopersici), Pink citrus rust mite (Aculops pelekassi), Apple rust mite
(Aculus schlechtendali),
Citrus rust mite (Phyllocoptruta oleivora), Broad mite (Polyphagotarsonemus
latus),
Cyclamen mite (Phytonemus pallidus), Tarsonemid mite (Tarsonemus bilobatus),
Oligonychus
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
32
shinkajii, Citrus red mite (Panonychus curl), Spider mite (Panonychus mori),
European red
mite (Panonychus ulmi), Kanzawa spider mite (Tetranychus kanzawai), Two-
spotted spider
mite (Tetranychus urticae), Penthaleus erythrocephalus, Winter grain mite
(Penthaleus major),
Eutrombicula wichmanni, Trombiculid mite (Helenicula miyagawai),
Leptotrombidium
akamushi, Leptotrombidium pallida, and Tsutsugamushi mite (Leptotrombidium
scutellare).
[0073] Metastigmata: Acarina, such as English fowl tick (Argas
persicus), Soft tick
(Ornithodoros moubata), Relapsing fever tick (Ornithodoros turicata), Spinose
ear tick
(Otobius megnini), Lone star tick (Amblyomma americanum), Gulf coast tick
(Amblyomma
macula/um), Haemaphysalis campanulata, Haemaphysalis flava, Bush tick
(Haemaphysalis
longicornis), Haemaphysalis megaspinosa, Tortoise tick (Hyalomma aegyptium),
Mediterranean tick (Hyalomma marginatum), Tropical cattle tick (Boophilus
microplus),
Ixodes nipponensis, Ixodes ova/us, Western black-legged tick (Ixodes
pacifcus), Taiga tick
(Ixodes persulcatus), Castor bean tick (Ixodes ricinus), Black-legged tick
(Ixodes scapularis),
Tropical horse tick (Anocentor nitens), Rocky Mountain wood tick (Dermacentor
andersoni),
Pacific Coast tick (Dermacentor occidentalis), Ornate cow tick (Dermacentor
reticulatus),
American dog tick (Dermacentor variabilis), Rhipicentor spp., American cattle
tick
(Rhipicephalus annulatus), and Brown dog tick (Rhipicephalus sanguineus).
[0074] Mesostigmata: Acarina, such as Red mite (Dermanyssus
gallinae), Tropical
rat mite (Ornithonyssus bacoti), Northern fowl mite (Ornithonyssus sylviarum),
Honeybee
mite (Varroa destructor), and Varroa mite (Varroa jacobsoni).
[0075] Architaenioglossa: Gastropoda, such as Apple snail (Pomacea
canaliculata).
[0076] Stylommatophora: Gastropoda, such as Giant African snail
(Achatina fulica),
Terrestrial slug (Limax marginatus), Slug (Meghimatium bilineatum), Korean
round snail
(Acusta despecta sieboldiana), and Land snail (Euhadra peliomphala).
[0077] Enoplida Nematoda, such as Giant kidney worm (Dioctophyma renale),
Thread worms (Capillaria annulata), Cropworm (Capillaria contorta), Capillary
liver worm
(Capillaria hepatica), Capillaria perforans, Capillaria philippinensis,
Capillaria suis,
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
33
Whipworm (Trichuris discolor), Whipworm (Trichuris ovis), Pig whipworm
(Trichuris suis),
Human whipworm (Trichuris trichiura), Dog whipworm (Trichuris vulpis), and
Pork worm
(Trichinella spiralis).
[0078] Rhabditida Nematoda, such as Intestinal threadworm
(Strongyloides
papillosus), Strongyloides planiceps, Pig threadworm (Strongyloides ransomi),
Threadworm
(Strongyloides stercoralis), and Micronema spp.
[0079] Strongylida Nematoda, such as Hookworm (Ancylostoma
braziliense), Dog
hookworm (Ancylostoma caninum), Old World hookworm (Ancylostoma duodenale),
Cat
hookworm (Ancylostoma tubaeforme), The Northern hookworm of dogs (Uncinaria
stenocephala), Cattle hookworm (Bunostomum phlebotomum), Small ruminant
hookworm
(Bunostomum trigonocephalum), New World hookworm (Necator americanus),
Cyathostomum spp., Cylicocyclus spp., Cylicodontophorus spp., Cylicostephanus
spp.,
Strongylus asini, Strongylus edentatus, Blood worm (Strongylus equinus), Blood
worm
(Strongylus vulgaris), Large-mouthed bowel worm (Chabertia ovina), Nodular
worm
(Oesophagostomum brevicaudatum), Nodule worm (Oesophagostomum columbianum),
Nodule worm (Oesophagostomum dentatum), Nodular worm (Oesophagostomum
georgianum), Nodular worm (Oesophagostomum maplestonei), Nodular worm
(Oesophagostomum quadrispinulatum), Nodular worm (Oesophagostomum radiatum),
Nodular worm (Oesophagostomum venulosum), Syngamus skrjabinomorpha, Gapeworm
(Syngamus trachea), Swine kidney worm (Stephanurus dentatus), Cattle bankrupt
worm
(Cooperia oncophora), Red stomach worm (Hyostrongylus rubidus), Stomach hair
worm
(Trichostrongylus axei), Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Oriental
trichostrongylus
(Trichostrongylus orientalis), Red stomach worm (Haemonchus contortus), Cattle
stomach
worm (Mecistocirrus digitatus), Brown stomach worm (Ostertagia ostertagi),
Common
lungworm (Dictyocaulus filaria), Bovine lungworm (Dictyocaulus viviparus),
Thin-necked
intestinal worm (Nematodirus filicollis), Swine lungworm (Metastrongylus
elongatus),
Lungworm (Filaroides hirthi), Lungworm (Crenosoma aerophila), Fox lungworm
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
34
(Crenosoma vulpis). Rat lung worm (Angiostrongylus cantonensis), French
heartworm
(Angiostrongylus vasorum), and Protostrongylus spp.
[0080] Aphelenchida Nematoda, such as Rice white tip nematode
(Aphelenchoides
besseyi) and Pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus).
[0081] Tylenchida Nematoda, such as Potato cyst nematode (Globodera
rostochiensis), Cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae), Soybean cyst
nematode
(Heterodera glycines), Peanut root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne arenaria),
Northern
root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne hap/a), Southern root-knot nematode
(Meloidogyne
incognita), Javanese root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica), Coffee root-
lesion
nematode (Pratylenchus coffeae), Tea root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus
loosi), Cobb's
root-lesion nematode (Pratylenchus penetrans), and Walnut root-lesion nematode
(Pratylenchus vulnus).
[0082] Oxyurida Nematoda, such as Pinworm (Enterobius
vermicularis), Equine
pinworm (Oxyuris equi), and Rabbit pinworm (Passalurus ambiguus).
[0083] Ascaridida Nematoda, such as Pig roundworm (Ascaris suum), Horse
roundworm (Parascaris equorum), Dog roundworm (Toxascaris leonina), Dog
intestinal
roundworm (Toxocara canis), Feline roundworm (Toxocara cati), Large cattle
roundworm
(Toxocara vitulorum), Anisakis spp., Pseudoterranova spp., Caecal worm
(Heterakis
gallinarum), and Chicken roundworm (Ascaridia galli).
[0084] Spirurida Nematoda, such as Guinea worm (Dracunculus medinensis),
Gnathostoma doloresi, Gnathostoma hispidum, Gnathostoma nipponicum, Reddish-
coloured
worm (Gnathostoma spinigerum), Dog stomach worm (Physaloptera canis), Cat
stomach
worm (Physaloptera felidis, P praeputialis), Feline/canine stomach worm
(Physaloptera rara),
Eye worm (Thelazia callipaeda), Bovine eyeworm (Thelazia rhodesi), Large mouth
stomach
worm (Draschia megastoma), Equine stomach worm (Habronema microstoma), Stomach
worm (Habronema muscae), Gullet worm (Gongylonema pulchrum), Thick stomach
worm
(Ascarops strongylina), Parafilaria (Parafilaria bovicola), Parafilaria
multipapillosa,
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
Stephanofilaria okinawaensis, Bancroft filaria (Wuchereria bancrofti), Brttgia
malayi, Neck
threadworm (Onchocerca cervicalis), Onchocerca gibsoni, Cattle filarial worm
(Onchocerca
gutturosa), Onchocerca volvulus, Bovine filarial worm (Setaria digitata),
Peritoneal worm
(Setaria equina), Setaria labiatopapillosa, Setaria marshalli, Dog heartworm
(Dirofilaria
5 immitis), and African eye worm (Loa la).
[0085] Acanthocephala, such as Moniliformis moniliformis and Giant
thorny-headed
worm (Macracanthorhynchus hirudinaceus).
[0086] Pseudophyllidean cestodes, such as Fish tapeworm
(Diphyllobothrium latum),
Diphyllobothrium nihonkaiense, Manson tapeworm (Spirometra erinaceieuropaei),
and
10 Diplogonoporus grandis.
[0087] Cyclophyllidean cestodes, such as Mesocestoides lineatus,
Chicken tapeworm
(Raillietina cesticillus), Fowl tapeworm (Raillietina echinobothrida), Chicken
tapeworm
(Raillietina tetragona), Canine tapeworm (Taenia hydatigena), Canine tapeworm
(Taenia
multiceps), Sheep measles (Taenia ovis), Dog tapeworm (Taenia pisiformis),
Beef tapeworm
15 (Taenia saginata), Tapeworm (Taenia serialis), Pork tapeworm (Taenia
solium), Feline
tapeworm (Taenia taeniaeformis), Hydatid tapeworm (Echinococcus granulosus),
Small fox
tapeworm (Echinococcus multilocularis), Echinococcus oligarthrus, Echinococcus
vogeli, Rat
tapeworm (Hymenolepis diminuta), Dwarf tapeworm (Hymenolepis nana), Double-
pored dog
tapeworm (Thpylidium caninum), Amoebotaenia spheno ides, Choanotaenia
infimdibulum,
20 Metroliasthes coturnix, Equine tapeworm (Anoplocephala magna), Cecal
tapeworm
(Anoplocephala perfbliata), Dwarf equine tapeworm (Paranoplocephala
mamillana),
Common tapeworm (illoniezia benedeni), Sheep tapeworm (Moniezia expansa), and
Stilesia
spp.
[0088] Strigeidida trematodes, such as Pharyngostomutn cordatum,
Blood fluke
25 (Schistosoma haematobium), Blood fluke (Schistosomajaponicum), and Blood
fluke
(Schistosoma mansoni).
[0089] Echinostomida trematodes, such as Echinostoma cinetorchis,
Echinostoma
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
36
hortense, Giant liver fluke (Fasciola gigantica), Common liver fluke (Fasciola
hepatica),
Fasciolopsis buski, and Hornalogaster paloniae.
[0090] Plagiorchiida trematodes, such as Dicrocoelium chinensis,
Lancet liver fluke
(Dicrocoelium dendriticum), African lancet fluke (Dicrocoelium hospes),
Eurytrema
coelomaticum, Pancreatic fluke (Eurytrema pancreaticum), Paragonimus
miyazakii,
Paragonimus ohirai, and Lung fluke (Paragonimus westermani).
[0091] Opisthorchiida trematodes, such as Amphimerus spp., Chinese
liver fluke
(Clonorchis sinensis), Cat liver fluke (Opisthorchis felineus), Southeast
Aasian liver fluke
(Opisthorchis viverrini), Pseudamphistomum spp., Metorchis spp., Parametorchis
spp.,
Intestinal fluke (Heterophyes heterophyes), Metagonimus yokokawai, and
Pygidiopsis summa.
[0092] Amebas, such as Entamoeba histolytica, or E. invadens.
[0093] Piroplasmida: Sporozoa, such as Babesia bigemina, Babesia
bovis, Babesia
caballi, Babesia canis, Babesia felis, Babesia gibsoni, Babesia ovata,
Cytauxzoon felis,
The ileria annulata, The ileria mutans, The ileria orientalis, and The ileria
parva.
[0094] Haemosporida: Sporozoa, such as Haernoproteus mansoni, Leucocytozoon
caulleryi, Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium ova/c, and
Plasmodium vivax.
[0095] Eucoccidiorida: Sporozoa, such as Caryospora spp., Eimeria
acervulina,
Eimeria bovis, Eimeria brunetti, Eimeria maxima, Eimeria necatrix, Eimeria
ovinoidalis,
Eimeria stiedae, Eimeria tenella, Isospora canis, Isospora felis, Isospora
suis, Tyzzeria alleni,
Tyzzeria anseris, Tyzzeria perniciosa, Wenyonella anatis, Wenyonella gagari,
Cryptosporidium
canis, Cryptosporidium fells, Cryptosporidium hominis, Cryptosporidium
meleagridis,
Cryptosporidium muris, Cryptosporidium parvum, Sarcocystis canis, Sarcocystis
cruzi,
Sarcocystis felis, Sarcocystis hominis, Sarcocystis miescheriana, Sarcocystis
neurona,
Sarcocystis tend/a, Sarcocystis ova/is, Toxoplasma gondii, Hepatozoon canis,
and Hepatozoon
felis.
[0096] Vestibuliferida: Ciliata, such as Balantidium co/i.
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
37
[0097] Trichom*onadida: Mastigophora, such as Histomanas
meleagridis,
Pentatrichom*onas hominis, and Trichom*onas tenax.
[0098] Diplomonadida: Mastigophora, such as Giardia intestinalis,
Giardia muris,
Hexamita meleagridis, and Hexamita parva.
[0099] Kinetoplastida: Mastigophora, such as Leishmania donovani,
Leishmania
ir?fantum, Leishmania major, Leishmania tropica, Trypanosoma brucei gambiense,
Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense, Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma equiperdum, and
Trypanosoma evansi. Harmful organisms in the horticulture field, and external
or internal
parasites of livestock, poultry, pets, or the like, which can be controlled by
using the
compound of the present invention, are not limited to the examples above.
[0100] Meanwhile, specific examples of the diseases will be listed
below.
Diseases of konjac: Dry rot (Fusarium oxysporum, E solani f. sp. radicicola),
Stem rot
(Athelia rolfsii), Root rot (Pythium aristosporum), Bacterial leaf blight
(Acidovorax konjaci),
and Soft rot (Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora).
[0101] Diseases of Eddoe: Leaf mold (Cladosporium colocasiae), Dry rot
(Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp. colocasiae), Black rot (Ceratocystis sp.), Phytophthora
blight (Phytophthora
colocasiae), Pythium aristosporum, P myriotylum, and Bacterial soft rot
(Pectobacterium
carotovorum).
[0102] Diseases of Alliaceae crops: Leaf spot (Heterosporium
allii), Alternaria leaf
spot (Alternaria porri), Leaf spot (Pleospora herbarum, Stemphylium botryosum,
S.
vesicarium), Pink root rot (Pyrenochaeta terrestris, Pyrenochaeta sp.), Leaf
blight (Botrytis
cinerea, B. bysso idea, B. squamosa), Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Onion gray
mold neck rot
(Botrytis allii), Small sclerotial rot (Botrytis squamosa), Leaf blight
(Ciborinia allii), Dry rot
(Fusarium oxysporum), Fusarium basal rot (Fusarium oxysporum f sp. allii, F
solani f. sp.
radicicola), Onion fusarium basal rot (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cepae), Rust
(Puccinia allii),
Smut (Urocystis cepulae), Allium white rot (Sclerotium cepivorum), Southern
blight (Athelia
rolfsii), Damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium sp.), Downy mildew
(Peronospora
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
38
destructor), Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora nicotianae), Leaf blight
(Phytophthora p*rn),
Onion soft rot (Burkholderia cepacia), Bacterial rot (Pseudomonas cichorii, P
marginalis pv.
marginalis, Erwinia sp.), Bacterial basal bulb rot (Pseudomonas sp.), and
Bacterial soft rot
(Pectobacterium carotovorum).
[0103] Diseases of asparagus: Leaf spot (Cercospora asparagi), Stemphylium
leaf
spot (Stemphylium botryosum), and Stem blight (Phom*opsis asparagi).
[0104] Diseases of Chinese yam: Brown rot (Fusarium oxysporum, F
solani f. sp.
pisi, f. sp. radicicola), Anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata), and Leaf spot
(Pseudophloeosporella dioscoreae).
[0105] Diseases of rice: Stem rot (Helminthosporium sigmoideurn var.
irregulare),
Brown spot (Cochliobolus miyabeanus), Seedling blight (Phoma sp., Trichoderma
viride,
Fusarium solani, Gibberella avenacea, Mucor fragilis, Rhizopus arrhizus, R.
chinensis, R.
oryzae, Pythium arrhenomanes, P graminicola, P irregulare, P spinosum, P
sylvaticum),
False smut (Villosiclava virens), "Bakanae" disease (Gibberella fujikuroi),
Blast (Magnaporthe
grisea), Stem rot (Magnaporthe salvinii), Sheath blight (Thanatephorus
cucumeris), Bacterial
grain rot (Burkholderia gladioli, B. glumae), Bacterial seedling blight
(Burkholderia plantarii),
Bacterial brown stripe (Acidovorax avenae subsp. avenae), Bacterial leaf
blight (Xanthom*onas
oryzae pv. oryzae), and Bacterial palea browning (Pantoea ananatis).
[0106] Diseases of wheat varieties: Speckled leaf blotch
(Mycosphaerella
graminicola), Glume blotch (Phaeosphaeria nodorum), Spot blotch (Cochliobolus
sativus),
Barley stripe (Pyrenophora graminea), Barley net blotch (Pyrenophora teres),
Barley powdery
mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei), Wheat powdery mildew (Blumeria
graminis f. sp.
tritici), Rye powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. secalis), Eyespot
(Tapesia acuformis, T
yallundae), Sclerotinia snow blight (Sclerotinia borealis), Ergot (Claviceps
purpurea),
Fusarium blight (Fusarium crookwellense, E culmorum, Gibberella avenacea, G
zeae),
Take-all (Gaeumannomyces graminis), Snow mold (Monographella nivalis),
Cephalosporium
stripe (Cephalosporium gramineum), Scald (Rhynchosporium secalis), Stem rust
(Puccinia
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
39
graminis). Barley leaf rust (Puccinia hordei), Brown rust (Puccinia
recondita), Stripe rust
(Puccinia striiformis var. striiformis), Flag smut (Urocystis agropyri),
Covered smut (Ustilago
hordei), Loose smut (Ustilago nuda), Bunt (Tilletia caries, T laevis),
Stinking smut (Tilletia
controversa), Typhula snow blight (Typhula incarnate, T ishikariensis var.
ishikariensis),
Foot-rot (Ceratobasidium cornigerum), Browning root rot (Pythium graminicola,
P
horinouchiense, P iwayamai, P okanoganense, P paddicum, P vanterpoolii, P
volutum),
Bacterial halo blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. coronafaciens), and Bacterial
black node
(Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae).
[0107] Diseases of grasses: Dollar spot (Sclerotinia hom*oeocarpa),
Fairy rings
(Bovista dermoxantha, Conocybe apala, Lepista subnuda, Lycoperdon curtisii, L.
perlatum,
Marasmius oreades), Rhizoctonia patch (Ceratobasidium spp.), Brown patch,
Large patch
(Rhizoctonia solani), Rust (Puccinia zoysiae), and Pythium blight (Pythium
graminicola, P
periplocum, P vanterpoolii).
[0108] Diseases of sugarcane: Leaf scorch (Stagonospora sacchari),
Top rot
(Fusarium moniliforme var. rnajus, Gibberella fujikuroi, G fiijikuroi var.
subglutinans),
Orange rust (Puccinia kuehnii), Brown rust (Puccinia melanocephala), and
Sugarcane smut
(Sporisorium scitamineum).
[0109] Diseases of corns: Southern leaf blight (Cochliobolus
heterostrophus),
Northern leaf blight (Setosphaeria turcica), Seedling blight (Gibberella
avenacea, Penicilliurn
sp.), Southern rust (Puccinia polysora), Corn smut (Ustilago maydis), Sheath
blight
(Thanatephorus cucumeris), and Browning root rot (Pythium arrhenomanes, P
graminicola).
[0110] Diseases of bananas: Black sigatoka (Mycosphaerella
fijiensis), Yellow
sigatoka leaf spot (Mycosphaerella musicola), and Panama disease (Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp.
cubense).
[0111] Diseases of Zingiberaceae crops: Leaf spot (Mycosphaerella
zingiberis), Leaf
spot (Phyllosticta zingiberis), Blast (Pyricularia zingiberis), Rhizoctonia
solani, and Root rot
(Pythium ultimum, P zingiberis).
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
[0112] Diseases of sugar beets: Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora
beticola),
Rainularia leaf spot (Ramularia beticola), Leaf spot (Pleospora betae),
Powdery mildew
(Erysiphe betae), Leaf blight/Root rot (Thanatephorus cucumeris), Aphanomyces
root rot
(Aphanomyces cochlioides), and Damping-off (Pleospora betae, Fusarium sp.,
Colletotrichum
dematiurn, Rhizoctonia solani, Aphanomyces cochlioides, Pythium debaryanum).
[0113] Diseases of spinach: Leaf spot (Cercospora beticola), Leaf
mold
(Cladosporium variabile), Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. spinaciae),
Anthracnose
(Colletotrichum dematium f. spinaciae), Foot rot (Rhizoctonia solani), Root
rot (Aphanomyces
cochlioides), Downy mildew (Peronospora farinosa f. sp. spinaciae), Damping-
off (Pythium
10 aphanidermatum, P myriotylum, P paroecandrum, P ultimum var. ullimum),
and Bacterial
leaf spot (Pseudomonas syringae pv. spinaciae).
[0114] Diseases of grapes: Isariopsis leaf spot (Pseudocercospora
vitis), Anthracnose
(Elsinoe ampelina), Powdery mildew (Uncinula necator), Gray mold (Botrytis
cinerea),
Swelling arm (Diaporthe kyushuensis), Bud blight (Diaporthe rudis), Dead arm
(Phom*opsis
15 viticola), Ripe rot (Colletotrichum acutatum, Glomerella cingulata),
Rust (Physopella
ampelop,sidis), and Downy mildew (Plasmopara viticola).
[0115] Diseases of Fabaceae crops: Purple stain (Cercospora
kikuchii), Ring spot
(Cercospora zonata), Brown Leaf spot (Mycosphaerella arachidis), Leaf spot
(Mycosphaerella berkeleyi), Mycosphaerella blight (Mycosphaerella pinodes),
Angular leaf
20 spot (Phaeoisariopsi,s griseola), Ascochyta blight (Ascochyta pisi),
Brown spot (Didymella
labae), Powdery mildew (Erysiphe pisi, Sphaerotheca fuliginea), Gray mold
(Botrytis cinerea),
Chocolate spot (Botrytis cinerea, B. elliptica, B. fabae), Stem rot
(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum),
Crown and root rot (Calonectria ilicicola), Root rot (Fusarium arthrosporio
ides,
avenaceum, F sporotrichioides), Fusarium root-rot (Fusarium cuneirostrum),
Fusarium wilt
25 (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. adzukicola), Stem wilt (Fusarium avenaceum, F
oxysporum f. sp.
.fabae), Root rot (Fusarium solani f. sp. pisi), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum
lindemuthianum),
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum phaseolorum), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum
trifolii, C.
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
41
truncatum, Glomerella glycines, Gloeosporium sp.), Brown stem rot (Phialophora
gregata),
Soybean rust (Phakopsora pachyrhizi), Rust (Uromyces phaseoli var. azukicola),
Rust
(Uromyces phaseoli var. phaseoli), Rust (Uromyces viciae-fabae var. viciae-
fabae), Southern
blight (Athelia rolfsii), Downy mildew (Peronospora manshurica), Phytophthora
root and
stem rot (Phytophthora sojae), Phytophthora vignae f. sp. adzukicola,
Bacterial pustule
(Xanthom*onas campestris pv. glycines), Bacterial blight (Pseudomonas
savastanoi pv.
glycinea), Halo blight (Pseudomonas savastanoi pv. phaseolicola), and
Pseudomonas syringae
pv. syringae.
[0116] Diseases of hops: Powdery mildew (Oidium sp., Sphaerotheca
intermedia),
Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Hop wilt (Verticillium albo-atrum), and Downy
mildew
(Pseudoperonospora humuli).
[0117] Diseases of fig trees: Souring (Candida sorbosa, Candida
sp., Pichia
kluyveri), Fig scab (Sphaceloma caricae), Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea),
Ceratocystis canker
(Ceratocystis fimbriata), White root rot (Rosellinia necatrix), Anthracnose
(Glomerella
cingulata), Rust (Phakopsora nishidana), Rhizopus rot (Rhizopus stolonifer
var. stolonifer),
and White powdery rot (Phytophthora palmivora).
[0118] Diseases of mulberries: Powdery mildew (Phyllactinia
moricola), Twig blight
(Hypomyces solani f. sp. mori, f. sp. pisi, Gibberella baccata), Dieback
(Diaporthe nomurai),
White root rot (Rosellinia necatrix), Violet root rot (Helicobasidium
longisporum), Red rust
(Aecidium mori), Bacterial blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv. mori), and Shoot
soft rot
(Pectobacterium carotovorum).
[0119] Diseases of roses: Stem canker (Leptosphaeria coniothyrium),
Powdery
mildew (Podosphaera pannosa, Uncinuliella simulans), Black spot (Diplocarpon
rosae),
Botrytis blight (Botrytis cinerea), Rust (Kuehneola japonica, Phragmidium
fusiforme, P
mucronatum, P rosae-multiflorae), Downy mildew (Peronospora sparsa), and Crown
gall
(Agrobacterium tumefaciens).
[0120] Diseases of strawberries: Leaf spot (Mycosphaerella
fragariae), Powdery
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
42
mildew (Sphaerotheca aphanis var. aphanis), Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea),
Fusarium wilt
(Fusarium oxysporum f sp. fragariae), Leaf blight (Phom*opsis obscurans), Crown
rot
(Colletotrichum acutatum, C. fragariae, Glomerella cingulata), Phytophthora
rot
(Phytophthora cactorum, P nicotianae, Phytophthora sp.), and Red stele
(Phytophthora
fragariae).
[0121] Diseases of loquats: Entomosporium leaf spot (Diplocarpon
mespili), Gray
leaf spot (Pestalotia eriobotrifolia, Pestalotiopsis funereal, P neglecta),
White root rot
(Rosellinia necatrix), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum, Glomerella
cingulata), and
Canker (Pseudomonas syringae py. eriobotryae).
[0122] Diseases of apples: Fruit spot (Mycosphaerella pomi), Alternaria
blotch
(Alternaria mali), Scab (Venturia Inaequalis), Ring rot (Botryosphaeria
berengeriana f. sp.
piricola), Fly speck (Schizothyrium pomi), Powdery mildew (Podosphaera
leucotricha),
Blotch (Diplocarpon mali), Blossom blight (Monilinia Valsa canker (Valsa
ceratosperma), White root rot (Rosellinia necatrix), Bitter rot
(Colletotrichum acutatum,
Glomerella cingulata), Sooty blotch (Phyllachora p*rnigena), Violet root rot
(Helicobasidium
longisporum), Rust (Gymnosporangium yamadae), and Fire blight (Erwinia
amylovora).
[0123] Diseases of nashi pears: Black spot (Alternaria kikuchiana),
Brown spot
(Stemphylium sp.), Scab (Venturia nashicola), Ring rot (Botryosphaeria
berengeriana f. sp.
piricola), Shoot blight (Botryosphaeria dothidea), Powdery mildew
(Phyllactinia malt),
Phom*opsis canker (Phom*opsis f*ckushii), Coral spot (Nectria cinnabarina), White
root rot
(Rosellinia necatrix), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum, Glomerella
cingulata), Rust
(Gymnosporangiurn asiaticum), Phytophthora fruit rot (Phytophthora cactorurn,
P syringae),
Bacterial black spot (Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae), and Fire blight
(Erwinia
amylovora).
[0124] Diseases of apricots: Scab (Venturia carpophila), Zonate leaf spot
(Grovesinia
pruni), Brown rot (Monilinia fructicola, M fructigena, M laxa), Shoot blight
(Coryneum sp.),
Anthracnose (Gloeosporium sp., Colletotrichum acutatum), and Bacterial shot
hole
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
43
(Xanthom*onas campestris pv. pruni).
[0125] Diseases of Japanese apricots: Scab (Venturia carpophila),
Gray mold
(Botrytis cinerea), Zonate leaf spot (Grovesinia pruni), Brown rot (Monilia
mumecola,
Moniliniafructicola, M laxa), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum, Glomerella
cingulata),
Sooty blotch (Peltaster sp.), Chloranthy (Blastospora smilacis), and Bacterial
canker
(Pseudomonas syringae pv. morsprunorum, Erwinia sp.).
[0126] Diseases of Japanese plums: Plum pockets (Taphrina pruni),
Brown rot
(Monilinia fructicola, M fructigena), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum),
and Bacterial
leaf spot (Xanthom*onas arboricola pv. pruni).
[0127] Diseases of peaches: Leaf curl (Taphrina deformans), Scab (Venturia
carpophila), Blister canker (Botryosphaeria berengeriana f. sp. perscicae),
Powdery mildew
(Podosphaera pannosa, P tridactyla var. tridactyla), Brown rot (Monilinia
fructicola, M
fructigena), Phom*opsis rot (Phom*opsis sp.), Cytospora canker (Leucostoma
persoonii),
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum, Glomerella cingulata), Fruit red spot
(Ellisembia sp.),
Brown rust (Tranzschelia discolor), and Bacterial shot hole (Xanthom*onas
arboricola pv.
pruni, Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Brenneria nigrifluens).
[0128] Diseases of cherries: Cylindrosporium leaf spot
(Mycosphaerella cerasella,
Blumeriella jaapii), Brown rot (Monilinia fructicola, M fructigena, M laxa),
Young-fruit rot
(Monilinia kusanoi), White root rot (Rosellinia necatrix), Anthracnose
(Colletotrichum
acutatum, Glomerella cingulata), Rhizopus rot (Rhizopus stolonifer var.
stolonifer), and
Bacterial canker (Pseudomonas syringae, P s. pv. syringae, P viridiflava).
[0129] Diseases of pepos: Scab (Cladosporium cucumerinum),
Corynespora leaf spot
(Corynespora cassiicola), Gummy stem blight (Didymella bryoniae), Powdery
mildew
(Erysiphe betae, Leveillula taurica, Oidium sp., Podosphaera xanthii,
Sphaerotheca fuliginea),
Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum),
Fusarium wilt
(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum, f. sp. lagenarive, f. sp. luffae, f.
sp. melonis, f. sp.
niveum), Fusarium basal rot (Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae), Phom*opsis
sp., Root rot
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
44
(Mono.sporascus cannonballus), Plectosporium blight (Monographella
cucumerina),
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum orb iculare, Glomerella cingulata), Southern
blight (Athelia
roilicii), Damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium cucurbitacearwn, P
debaryanwn, P
spinosum), Downy mildew (Pseudoperonospora cubensis), Brown rot (Phytophthora
capsici),
Phytophthora rot (Phytophthora capsici, P cryptogea, P melonis, P nicotianae),
Pythium fruit
rot (Pythium aphanidermatum), Bacterial fruit blotch (Acidovorax avenae subsp.
citrulli),
Bacterial spot (Xanthom*onas campestris pv. cucurbitae), Marginal blight
(Pseudomonas
marginalis pv. marginalis, P viridiflava), and Angular leaf spot (Pseudomonas
syringae pv.
lachrymans).
[0130] Diseases of Japanese chestnuts: Endothia canker (Cryphonectria
parasitica)
and Anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata).
[0131] Diseases of Brassicaceae vegetables: White spot
(Pseudocercosporella
capsellae), Black leg (Leptosphaeria maculans), Alternaria leaf spot
(Alternaria brassicae, A.
brassicicola, A. japonica), Alternaria sooty spot (Alternaria brassicicola),
Black leg (Phoma
wasabiae), Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Snow mold (Sclerotinia nivalis,
Typhula japonica, T
incarnate, T ishikariensis var. ishikariensis), Sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia
.vclerotiorum),
Yellows (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. conglutinans), Yellows (Fusarium oxysporum
f. sp.
raphani), Verticillium black spot (Verticillium albo-atrum, V dahliae),
Yellows (Verticillium
dahliae), Verticillium wilt (Verticillium longisporum), Anthracnose
(Colletotrichum dematium,
C. destructivwn, C. higginvianum), Damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani), Club root
(Plasmodiophora brassicae), White rust (Albugo macrospora), White rust (Albugo
wasabiae),
Downy mildew (Hyaloperonospora brassicae), Downy mildew (Peronospora
alliariae-wasabi),.Downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica), Damping-off (Pythium
buismaniae, P zingiberis, Rhizoctonia so/ant), Damping-off (Pythium sp.),
Black rot
(Xanthom*onas campestris pv. campestris), Head rot (Pseudornonas fluorescens, P
viridiflava,
Pectobacterium carotovorum), Bacterial black spot (Pseudomonas syringae pv.
maculicola),
and Bacterial soft rot (Pectobacteriwn carotovorum, P wasabiae).
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
[0132] Diseases of papayas: Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora
nicotianae).
[0133] Diseases of okras: Brown leaf mold (Pseudocercospora
abelmoschi),
Alternaria rot (Alternaria alternata), Pod spot (Phorna exigua var. exigua),
Powdery mildew
(Leveillula taurica), Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Black root rot
(Thielaviopsis basicola),
5 Damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium ultimum var. ultimurn, Pythium
sp.), and
Pseudomonas cichorii, P
[0134] Diseases of mangos: Anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum,
Glomerella
cingulata).
[0135] Diseases of citruses: Greasy spot (Mycosphaerella citri, M
horii). Scab
10 (Elsinoe fawcettii), Black rot (Alternaria citri), Common green mold
(Penicillium digitaturn),
Blue mold (Penicillium italicum), Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Melanose
(Diaporthe citri),
Melanose like blemish (Alternaria citri, Diaporthe rudis), White root rot
(Rosellinia necatrix),
Anthracnose (Glornerella cingulata), Brown rot (Phytophthora citricola, P
citrophthora, P
nicotianae, P palmivora), and Citrus canker (Xanthom*onas citri subsp. citri).
15 [0136] Diseases of kiwifruits: Sooty spot (Pseudocercospora
actinidiae), Soft rot
(Botryosphaeria doth idea, Las iodiplodia theobromae, Diaporthe sp.), Gray
mold (Botrytis
cinerea), White root rot (Rosellinia necatrix), Anthracnose (Colletotrichum
acutatum,
Glomerella cingulata), Bacterial blossom blight (Pseudomonas marginalis pv.
rnarginalis, P
syringae pv. syringae, P viridiflava), and Bacterial canker (Pseudomonas
syringae pv.
20 actinidiae).
[0137] Diseases of kaki persimmons: Angular leaf spot (Cercospora
kaki), Circular
leaf spot (Mycosphaerella nawae), Black spot (Fits/clad/urn levier), Fly speck
(Schizothyrium
pomi), Powdery mildew (Phyllactinia kakicola), Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea),
Black leaf spot
(Discostroma sp.), and Anthracnose (Glomerella cingulata).
25 [0138] Diseases of blueberries: Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea) and
Valdensia leaf
blight (Valaensia heterodoxa).
[0139] Diseases of tea plants: Brown round spot (Cerco.spora chaae,
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
46
Pseudocercospora ocellata), Anthracnose (Discula theae-sinensis), Gray blight
(Pestalotiopsis
longiseta, P theae), White root rot (Rosellinia necatrix), Brown blight
(Glomerella cingulata),
Net blister blight (Exobasidium reticulatum), Blister blight (Exobasidium
vexans), Black rot
(Ceratobasidium sp.), and Bacterial shoot blight (Pseudomonas syringae pv.
theae).
[0140] Diseases of shiso: Corynespora leaf spot (Corynespora cassiicola)
and Rust
(Coleosporium plectranthi).
[0141] Diseases of sesame: Stem rot (Athelia rolfyii), Bacterial
wilt (Ralstonia
solanacearum), and Bacterial leaf spots (Pseudomonas syringae pv. sesami).
[0142] Diseases of sweet potatoes: Stem rot (Fusarium oxysporum f.
sp. batatas, E
solani), Black rot (Ceratocystis fimbriata), Violet root rot (Helicobasidium
longisporum), Soft
rot (Rhizopus stolonifer var. stolonifer, R. tritici), and Soil rot
(Streptornyces ipomoeae).
[0143] Diseases of tomatoes: Leaf mold (Mycovellosiella fulva),
Cercospora leaf
mold (Pseudocercospora fuligena), Corynespora target spot (Corynespora
cassiicola), Early
blight (Alternaria solani), Leaf spot (Stemphylium lycopersici, S. solani),
Brown root rot
(Pyrenochaeta lycopersici), Powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica, Oidium
neolycopersici,
Oidium sp.), Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Stem rot (Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum), Fusarium wilt
(Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici), Crown and root rot (Fusarium
oxysporum f. sp.
radicis-lycopersici), Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae), Southern
blight (Athelia rolfsii),
Damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani, Pythium vexans), Late blight (Phytophthora
infestans),
Bacterial canker (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis), Bacterial
wilt (Ralstonia
solanacearum), Bacterial spot (Xanthom*onas campestris pv. vesicatoria), and
Bacterial soft
rot (Pectobacterium carotovorum).
[0144] Diseases of eggplants: Leaf mold (Mycovellosiella
nattrassii), Leaf spot
(Paracercospora egenula), Black blight (Corynespora cassiicola), Early blight
(Alternaria
solani), Powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum, Leveillula taurica,
Sphaerotheca
fuliginea), Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum),
Fusarium
oxysporum f. .sp. melon genae, Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae), Brown
spot (Phom*opsis
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
47
vexans), Southern blight (Athelia rolfsii), Damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani),
Brown rot
(Phytophthora capsici), Late blight (Phytophthora infestans), Bacterial wilt
(Ralstonia
solanacearum), and Necrotic leaf spot (Pseudomonas cichorii).
[0145] Diseases of potatoes: Early blight (Alternaria solani), Dry
rot (Fusarium
oxysporum, Fusarium solani f sp. eumartii, f. sp. radicicola), Anthracnose
(Colletotrichum
coccodes), Black scurf (Thanatephorus cucumeris), Powdery Scab (Spongospora
subterranea
f. sp. subterranea), Late blight (Phytophthora infestans), Ring rot
(Clavibacter michiganensis
subsp. Sepedonicus), Scab (Streptomyces spp.), Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia
solanacearum),
Black leg (Dickeya dianthicola, Pectobacterium atrosepticum, P carotovorum),
and Bacterial
soft rot (Pectobacterium carotovorum).
[0146] Diseases of chili peppers and bell peppers: Frogeye leaf
spot (Cercospora
capsici), Corynespora blight (Corynespora cassiicola), Stemphyrium leaf spot
(Stemphylium
lycopersici), Powdery mildew (Leveillula taurica), Gray mold (Botrytis
cinerea), Sclerotinia
rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum),
Anthracnose
(Colletotrichum acutatum, C. capsici, C. nigrum), Southern blight (Athelia
Damping-off (Rhizoctonia solani), Phytophthora blight (Phytophthora capsici),
Bacterial wilt
(Ralstonia solanacearum), Bacterial spot (Xanthom*onas campestris pv.
vesicatoria), and
Bacterial soft rot (Pectobacteriun2 carotovorum).
[0147] Diseases of tobaccos: Brown spot (Alternaria alternata),
Sore shin
(Rhizoctonia solani), Black shank (Phytophthora nicotianae), and Bacterial
wilt (Ralstonia
solanacearum).
[0148] Diseases of celery: Early blight (Cercospora apii), Late
blight (Septoria
apiicola), and Bacterial soft rot (Pectobacterium carotovorum).
[0149] Diseases of Japanese honeywort: Sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum),
Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. apii, Rust (Puccinia tokyensis), Rhizoctonia solani,
Downy mildew
(Plasmopara nivea), and Pythium aphanidermatum, P apleroticum, Pythium sp.
[0150] Diseases of carrots: Cercospora blight (Cercospora carotae),
Leaf blight
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
48
(Alternaria dauci), Alternaria black rot (Alternaria radicina), Powdery mildew
(Erysiphe
heraclei), Sclerotinia rot (Sclerotinia minor, S. sclerotiorum), Dry rot
(Fusarium solani f. sp.
radicicola, Gibberella avenacea), Violet root rot (Helicobasidium
longisporum), Southern
blight (Athelia rolfsii), Southern blight (Athelia rolfsii), Damping-off
(Rhizoctonia solani),
Brown blotted root rot (Pythium sulcatum), Crown gall (Agrobacterium
tumefaciens), and
Bacterial soft rot (Pectobacterium carotovorum).
[0151] Diseases of parsley: Leaf spot (Cercospora apii), Powdery
mildew (Erysiphe
heraclei), Phytophthora nicotianae, and Bacterial soft rot (Pectobacterium
carotovorum).
[0152] Diseases of Aralia elata: Spot anthracnose (Elsinoe araliae)
and Phytophthora
cactorum.
[0153] Diseases of udos: Leaf spot (Alternaria panax, Alternaria
sp.), Sclerotinia rot
(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Verticillium wilt (Verticillium dahliae, V
nigrescens), Southern
blight (Athelia rolfsii), and Phytophthora rot (Phytophthora cactorum).
[0154] Diseases of lettuce: Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea), Stem rot
(Sclerotinia
sclerotiorum), Root rot (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lactucae), Bottom rot
(Rhizoctonia solani),
Downy mildew (Bremia lactucae), Bacterial spot (Xanthom*onas axonopodis pv.
vitians),
Bacterial rot (Pseudomonas cichorii, P marginalis pv. Marginalis, P
viridiflava), and
Bacterial soft rot (Pectobacterium carotovorum).
[0155] Diseases of Chrysanthemum morifolium: Leaf spot (Septoria
chrysanthemella), Leaf blight (Septoria obesa), Ray blight (Didymella
chrysanthemi),
Powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum var. cichoracearum), Botrytis blight
(Botrytis
cinerea), Stem rot (Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Wilt (Verticillium dahliae),
Rust (Phakopsora
artemisiae), Rust (Puccinia horiana), Rust (Puccinia tanaceti var. tanaceti),
Petal blight
(Itersonilia perplexans), Southern blight (Athelia rolfsii), Root and stem rot
(Ceratobasidium
cornigerum, Rhizoctonia solani), Downy mildew (Peronospora danica),
Phytophthora rot
(Phytophthora cactorum, Phytophthora sp.), Crown gall (Agrobacterium
tumefaciens),
Bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum), and Bacterial stem rot
(Pectobacterium
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
49
carotovorum).
[0156] Diseases of crown daisies: Leaf blight (Cercospora
chrysanthemi),
Anthracnose (Colletotrichum acutatum), and Downy mildew (Peronospora
chrysanthemi-coronarii).
[0157] Diseases of sunflowers: Leaf spot (Septoria helianthi), Leaf spot
(Alternaria
helianthi), Powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum, Golovinomyces
cichoracearum var.
lati,sporus, Oidium sp., Podosphaera fusca), Gray mold (Botrytis cinerea),
Sclerotinia rot
(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum), Root and stem rot (Rhizoctonia solani), Downy
mildew
(Plasmopara halstedii), Bacterial leaf spot (Pseudomonas syringae pv.
helianthi), and
Pecto bacterium carolovorum.
[0158] Diseases of f*cki: Verticillium wilt (Verticilliurn dahliae)
and Southern blight
(A thelia
[0159] Diseases of burdocks: Leaf spot (Phoma exigua var. exigua),
Powdery mildew
(Podosphaera fitsca), Black streak (Itersonilia perplexans), Black scurf
(Rhizoctonia solani),
Pythium irregulare, and Bacterial spot (Xanthom*onas campestris pv.
nigromaculans).
Diseases of plants, which can be controlled by using the compound of the
present invention,
are not limited to the examples above.
[0160] Compound (1) and a composition of the present invention
containing
Compound (1) are useful for controlling Stink bugs, Hemiptera Pentatomidae,
which have
been problematic in soybean fields in recent years, or are useful for
controlling weevils,
Curculionidae Family, which have been problematic in cotton fields.
[0161] Also, Compound (2) and a composition of the present
invention containing
Compound (2) are useful for controlling Stink bugs, Hemiptera Pentatomidae,
which have
been problematic in soybean fields in recent years, or are useful for
controlling weevils,
Curculionidae Family, which have been problematic in cotton fields.
[0162] Compound (1) and the composition of the present invention
containing
Compound (1) are useful for controlling pests parasitic to honey bees, which
have been
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
problematic in recent years.
[0163] Also, Compound (2) and the composition of the present
invention containing
Compound (2) are useful for controlling pests parasitic to honey bees, which
have been
problematic in recent years.
5 [0164] Examples of the pest parasitic to honey bees include honeybee
microsporidia
(Nosema apis), Varroa mite, Acarapis woodi, Aethina tumida, Achroia innotata
obscurevittella,
and Galleria mellonella (wax moth larvae). Among them, Varroa mite,
Tropilaelaps clareae,
and Acarapis woodi are preferred.
[0165] Examples of the honey bees include bumble bees, stingless
bees, Apis dorsata,
10 Apis laboriosa, Apis florea, Apis andreniformis, Apis mellifera, Apis
cerana, and Apis
koschevnikovi. Among them, Apis melltfera and Apis cerana are preferred. The
honey bees
refer to all members in the population, including workers, drones, eggs,
larvae, pupae, and
queen.
[0166] That is, the composition of the present invention and the
method of the
15 present invention are extremely effective to harmful organisms that are
resistant to
conventional insecticides, such as organophosphorus compounds, carbamate
compounds and
pyrethroid compounds; and harmful organisms belonging to insects of
Coleoptera,
Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, Diptera, Siphonaptera, Thysanoptera, Hemiptera,
Psocodea
(Mallophage and Anoplura), Orthoptera, Dictyoptera, Isoptera, Collembola, or
the like;
20 crustaceans of Isopoda or the like; mites of Astigmata (Acaridae,
Analgidae, Psoroptidae, and
Sareoptidae), Prostigmata (Cheyletidae, Demodicidae, Eriophyidae,
Tarsonemidae,
Tetranychidae, Penthaleidae, and Trombiculidae), Metastigmata (Argasidae and
Ixodidae),
Mesostigmata (Dennanyssidae, Macronyssidae, and Varroidae), or the like;
Gastropoda; and
nematodes of Triehocephalida, Rhabditida, Strongylida, Aphelenchida,
TylenchidaõNscaridida,
25 Camallanida, Oxyurida, Spirurida, or the like; can effectively be
controlled with low
concentrations. Meanwhile, the composition of the present invention and the
method of the
present invention have extremely little adverse effects to mammals, fishes,
crustaceans, and
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
51
beneficial insects (useful insects, such as honey bees and bumble Bees; and
natural enemy
insects, such as Aphelinidae, Aphidiidae, Tachinidae, and Onus), and thus have
useful
characteristics.
[0167] When the first active ingredient compound I and the second
active ingredient
compound II shown in Table 1 are combined in the composition of the present
invention, the
composition of the present invention and the method of the present invention
provide excellent
synergistic effects, particularly to mites and Hemiptera pests. The
synergistic effects are
more prominent to spider mites, such as Panonychus citri, Tetranychus urticae,
and
Tetranychus kanzawai among the mites; and to aphids and whiteflies among the
Hemiptera
pests.
[0168] The "plants" herein refers to Tracheophyta, such as grain,
fruits, and
vegetables, which are cultivated as food of humans; forage crops for
livestock, poultry, and the
like; ornamental plants for cherishing their appearances; and plantings at
parks, streets, and the
like. Specific examples include the plants listed below, but not limited
thereto.
[0169] Pinales plants such as Japanese Red Pine (Pinus densiflora), Scots
Pine
(Pinus sylvestris), and Japanese Black Pine (Pinus thunbergii) belonging to
Pinaceae or the
like.
Magnoliids such as Pepper (Piper nigrum) belonging to Piperaceae; Avocado
(Persea
americana) belonging to Lauraceae; or the like.
Monocots such as Konjac (Amorphophallus konjac) and Eddoe (Colocasia
esculenta)
belonging to Araceae; Chinese yam (Dioscorea batatas) and Japanese yam
(Dioscorea
japonica) belonging to Dioscoreaceae; Leek (A ilium ampeloprasum var.
porrurn), Onion
(A/hum cepa), Rakkyo (A/hum chinense), Welsh onion (Allium fistulosum), Garlic
(A/hum
sativum), Chives (Allium schoenoprasum), Chive (A ilium schoenoprasum var.
foliosum),
Oriental garlic (A ilium tuberosum), and Scallion (Allium x wakegi) belonging
to Alliaceae;
Asparagus (Asparagus officinalis) belonging to Asparagaceae; Coconut palm
(Cocos nucifera)
and Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) belonging to Arecoideae of Arecaceae; Date
palm (Phoenix
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
52
dactylifera) belonging to Coryphoideae of Arecaceae; Pineapple (Ananas
comosus) belonging
to Bromeliaceae; Rice (Oryza saliva) belonging to Ehrhartoideae of Poaceae;
Bent grass
(Agrostis spp.), Blue grass (Poa spp.), Barley (Hordeum vulgare), Wheat
(Triticum aestivum, T
durum), and Rye (Secale cereale) belonging to Pooideae of Poaceae; Bermuda
grass (Cynodon
dactylon) and Grass (Zoysia spp.) belonging to Chloridoideae of Poaceae;
Sugarcane
(Saccharum officinarum), Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor), and Corn (Zea mays)
belonging to
Panicoideae of Poaceae; Banana (Musa spp.) belonging to Musaceae; Myoga
(Zingiber mioga)
and Ginger (Zingiber officinale) belonging to Zingiberaceae; or the like.
Eudicots such as Lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera) belonging to Nelumbonaceae;
Peanut
(Arachis hypogaea), Chickpea (Cicer arietinum), Lentil (Lens culinaris), Pea
(Pisum sativum),
Broad bean (Viciafaba), Soybean (Glycine max), Common bean (Phaseolus
vulgaris), Adzuki
bean (Vigna angularis), and Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata) belonging to Fabaceae;
Hop
(Humulus lupulus) belonging to Cannabaceae; Fig Tree (Ficus carica) and
Mulberry (Morus
spp.) belonging to Moraceae; Common jujube (Ziziphusjujuba) belonging to
Rhamnaceae;
Strawberry (Fragaria) and Rose (Rosa spp.) belonging to Rosoideae of Rosaceae;
Japanese
loquat (Eriobotrya japonica), Apple (Ma/us pumila), European Pear (Pyrus
communis), and
Nashi Pear (Pyrus pyrifolia var. culta) belonging to Maloideae of Rosaceae;
Peach
(Amygdalus persica), Apricot (Prunus armeniaca), Cherry (Prunus avium), Prune
(Prunus
domestica), Almond (Prunus dulcis), Japanese Apricot (Prunus mume), Japanese
Plum
(Prunus salicina), Cerasus speciosa, and Cerasus x yedoensis 'Somei-yoshino
belonging to
Prunoideae of Rosaceae; Winter melon (Benincasa hispida), Watermelon
(Citrullus lanatus),
Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria var. hispida), Luffa (Luffa cylindrica),
Pumpkin (Cucurbita
spp.), Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo), Bitter melon (Momordica charantia var.
pavel), Muskmelon
(Cucumis melo), Oriental pickling melon (Cucumis melo var. conomon), Oriental
melon
(Cucumis melo var. makuwa), and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus) belonging to
Cucurbitaceae;
Japanese Chestnut (Castanea crenata) belonging to fa*gaceae; Walnut (Juglans
spp.)
belonging to Juglandaceae; Cashew (Anacardium occidentale), Mango (Mangifera
indica),
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
53
and Pistachio (Pistacia vera) such as Anacardiaceae; Japanese pepper
(Zanthoxylum
piperitum) belonging to Rutoideae of Rutaceae; Bitter orange (Citrus
aurantium), Lime
(Citrus aurantifolia), Hassaku orange (Citrus hassaku), Yuzu (Citrus junos),
Lemon (Citrus
limon), Natsumikan (Citrus natsudaidai), Grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi),
Orange (Citrus
sinensis), Kabosu (Citrus sphaemcarpa), Sudachi (Citrus sudachi), Mandarin
Orange (Citrus
tangerina), Satsuma (Citrus unshiu), and Kumquat (Fortunella spp.) belonging
to
Aurantioideae of Rutaceae; Horseradish (Armoracia rusticana), Mustard
(Brassica juncea),
Takana (Brassica juncea var. integrifolia), Rapeseed (Brassica napus),
Cauliflower (Brassica
oleracea var. botrytis), Cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata), Brussels
sprout (Brassica
oleracea var. gemmifera), Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), Green pak
choi (Brassica
rapa var. chinensis), Nozawana (Brassica rapa var. hakabura), Napa cabbage
(Brassica rapa
var. nippo-oleifera), Potherb Mustard (Brassica rapa var. nipposinica), Napa
cabbage
(Brassica rapa var. pekinensis), Turnip leaf (Brassica rapa var. perviridis),
Turnip (Brassica
rapa var. rapa), Garden rocket (Eruca vesicaria), Daikon (Raphanus sativus
var.
longipinnatus), and Wasabi (Wasabia japonica) belonging to Brassicaceae;
Papaya (Carica
papaya) belonging to Caricaceae; Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus), Cotton plant
(Gossypium
spp.), and Cacao (Theobroma cacao) belonging to Malvaceae; Grape (Vitis spp.)
belonging to
Vitaceae; Sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris var. altissima), Table beet
(Beta vulgaris ssp.
vulgaris var. vulgaris), and Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) belonging to
Amaranthaceae;
Buckweat (fa*gopyrum esculentum) belonging to Polygonaceae; Kaki Persimmon
(Diospyros
kaki) belonging to Ebenaceae; Tea plant (Camellia sinensis) belonging to
Theaceae; Kiwifruit
(Actinidia deliciosa, A. chinensis) belonging to Actinidiaceae; Blueberry
(Vaccinium spp.) and
Cranberry (Vaccinium spp.) belonging to Ericaceae; Coffee plants (Coffea spp.)
belonging to
Rubiaceae; Lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), Mint (Mentha spp.), Basil (Ocimum
basilicum),
Shiso (Perilla frutescens var. crispa), Perilla frutescens var. frutescens,
Common Sage (Salvia
officinalis), and Thyme (Thymus spp.) belonging to Lamiaceae; Sesame (Sesamum
indicum)
belonging to Pedaliaceae; Olive (Olea europaea) belonging to Oleaceae; Sweet
potato
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
54
(Ipomoea batatas) belonging to Convolvulaceae; Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum),
Eggplant
(Solanum melongena), Potato (Solanum tuberosum), Chili pepper (Capsicum
annuum), Bell
pepper (Capsicum annuum var. igrossum'), and Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)
belonging to
Solanaceae; Celery (Apium graveolens var. dulce), Coriander (Coriandrum
sativum), Japanese
honeywort (Cryptotaenia Canadensis subsp. japonica), Carrot (Daucus carota
subsp. sativus),
Parsley (Petroseliurn crispum), and Italian parsley (Petroselinum
neapolitanum) belonging to
Apiaceae; Udo (Aralia cordata) and Aralia elata belonging to Araliaceae;
Artichoke (Cynara
scolymus) belonging to Carduoideae Asteraceae; Chicory (Cichorium intybus) and
Lettuce
(Lactuca sativa) belonging to Asteraceae of Asteraceae; Florists' daisy
(Dendranthema
grandiflorum), Crown daisy (Glebionis coronaria), Sunflower (Helianthus
annuus), f*cki
(Petasites japonicus), and Burdock (Arctium lappa) belonging to Asteraceae of
Asteraceae; or
the like.
[0170] The "plants" herein also refers to plants that have acquired
tolerance to HPPD
inhibitors, such as isoxaflutole; ALS inhibitors, such as imazethapyr and
thifensulfuron-methyl; EPSP synthetase inhibitors, such as glyphosate;
glutamine synthetase
inhibitors, such as glufosinate; acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors, such as
sethoxydim; PPO
inhibitors, such as flumioxazin; and herbicides, such as bromoxynil, dicamba,
and 2,4-D; by
classical breeding methods and gene recombinant technologies.
[0171] Examples of the "horticultural plants" that have acquired
tolerance by
classical breeding methods include the rapeseed, wheat, sunflower, rice, and
corn, which are
tolerant to ALS-inhibitory imidazolinone herbicides, such as imazethapyr. Such
plants are
already commercially available with the product name of Clearfield <registered
trademaik>.
[0172] Also, the soybean that has acquired tolerance to ALS-
inhibitory sulfonylurea
herbicides, such as thifensulfuron-methyl, by a classical breeding method is
already
commercially available with the product name of STS soybean. In addition,
examples of
horticultural plants that have acquired tolerance to acetyl CoA carboxylase
inhibitors, such as
trione oxime herbicide and aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides, by classical
breeding
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
methods include the SR corn. The horticultural plants that have acquired
tolerance to acetyl
CoA carboxylase inhibitors are described in Proc. Natl. Acad.Sci. USA, volume
87, pages
7,175 to 7,179 (1990) and the like. Meanwhile, the mutant acetyl CoA
carboxylases that are
tolerant to acetyl CoA carboxylase inhibitors are reported in Weed Science,
volume 53, pages
5 728 to 746 (2005) and the like. Plants tolerant to acetyl CoA carboxylase
inhibitors can be
produced by introducing these mutant acetyl CoA carboxylase genes into plants
by gene
recombinant technologies, or by introducing mutations related to acquisition
of the tolerance
into acetyl CoA carboxylases of crops. Moreover, plants resistant to acetyl
CoA carboxylase
inhibitors/herbicides can be produced by introducing nucleic acids inducing
base-substituted
10 mutants, which are exemplified by the chimeraplasty technique (Gura T.
1999. Repairing the
Cienome's Spelling Mistakes. Science 285: 316-318), into plant cells, so that
site-specific
amino acid substitution mutations are induced in acetyl CoA
carboxylase/herbicide-targeted
genes of crops.
[0173] Examples of the horticultural plants that have acquired
tolerance by gene
15 recombinant technologies include glyphosate-tolerant varieties of corn,
soybean, cotton,
rapeseed. and sugar beet, and they are already commercially available with the
product names
of RoundupReady <registered trademark>, AgrisureGT <registered trademark>, and
the like.
Also, there are varieties of corn, soybean, cotton, and rapeseed which have
acquired tolerance
to glufosinate by gene recombinant technologies, and they are already
commercially available
20 with the product name of LibertyLink <registered trademark> and the
like. In addition, the
cotton that has acquired tolerance to bromoxynil by gene recombinant
technologies is already
commercially available with the product name of BXN.
[0174] The "horticultural plants" also include plants that have
been enabled to
synthesize, for example, selective toxins that are known to exist in Bacillus,
by using gene
25 recombinant technologies.
Examples of insecticidal toxins expressed in such gene recombinant plants
include
insecticidal proteins derived from Bacillus cereus and Bacillus popilliae; 6-
endotoxins, such as
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
56
CrylAb, CrylAc, Cryl F, CrylFa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb I, and Cry9C, and
insecticidal
proteins, such as VIP1, VIP2, VIP3, and VIP3A, derived from Bacillus
thuringiensis;
insecticidal proteins derived from nematodes; toxins produced from organisms,
such as
scorpion toxins, spider toxins, bee toxins, and insect specific neurotoxins;
filamentous fungus
toxins; plant lectins; agglutinins; protease inhibitors, such as trypsin
inhibitors, serine protease
inhibitors, patatin, cystatin, and papain inhibitors; ribosome-inactivating
proteins (RIPs), such
as ricin, corn-RIP, abrin, saporin, and bryodin; steroid metabolic enzymes,
such as 3-hydroxy
steroid oxidase, ecdysteroid-UDP-glucosyltransferase, and cholesterol oxidase;
ecdysone
inhibitors; HMG-CoA reductases; ion channel inhibitors, such as sodium channel
inhibitors
and calcium channel inhibitors; juvenile hormone esterases; diuretic hormone
receptors;
stilbene synthases; bibenzyl synthases; chitinases; and glucanases.
[0175] The toxins expressed in such gene recombinant plants also
include hybrid
toxins, partially deleted toxins, and modified toxins of 6-endotoxin proteins,
such as Cryl Ab,
Cry 1 Ac, Cry 1 F, Cry 1 Fa2, Cry2Ab, Cry3A, Cry3Bb I, and Cry9C; and of
insecticidal proteins,
such as VIP I, VIP2, VIP3, and VIP3A. The hybrid toxins can be produced by
using
recombinant technologies as novel combinations of different domains of these
proteins. As a
partially deleted toxin, Cry lAb, in which a portion of amino acid sequences
is deleted, has
been known. In a modified toxin, one or more amino acid(s) of a natural form
of the toxin
has(have) been substituted.
[0176] Examples of these toxins and recombinant plants that can synthesize
these
toxins are described in Patent Documents, such as EP-A-0374753, W093/07278,
W095/34656, EP-A-0427529, EP-A-451878, and W003/052073. The toxins contained
in
the recombinant plants can provide the plants with resistance particularly to
Coleoptera pests,
Diptera pests, and Lepidoptera pests.
[0177] The gene recombinant plants containing one or more insecticidal pest
resistance gene(s) and expressing one or more toxin(s) have already been
known, and some of
them are commercially available. Examples of the gene recombinant plants
include
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
57
YieldGard <registered trademark> (a corn variety expressing CrylAb toxin),
YieldGard
Rootworm <registered trademark> (a corn variety expressing Cry3Bbl toxin),
YieldGard Plus
<registered trademark> (a corn variety expressing Cry lAb and Cry3Bbl toxins),
Herculex I
<registered trademark> (a corn variety expressing Cry I Fa2 toxin and
phosphinotricine
N-acetyltransferase (PAT) for providing resistance to glufosinate), NuCOTN33B
<registered
trademark> (a cotton variety expressing Cry lAc toxin), Bollgard I <registered
trademark> (a
cotton variety expressing CrylAc toxin), Bollgard II <registered trademark> (a
cotton variety
expressing Cry lAc and Cry2Ab toxins), VIPCOT <registered trademark> (a cotton
variety
expressing VIP toxin), NewLeaf <registered trademark> (a potato variety
expressing Cry3A
toxin), NatureGard <registered trademark> Agrisure <registered trademark> GT
Advantage
(the GA21 glyphosate resistant trait), Agrisure <registered trademark> CB
Advantage (the
Bt 11 corn borer (CB) trait), and Protecta <registered trademark>.
[0178] These plants also include the plants that have been given
abilities to produce
anti-pathogenic substances having selective activities by using gene
recombinant technologies.
Examples of the anti-pathogenic substances include PR proteins (PRPs,
described in
EP-A-0392225); ion channel inhibitors, such as sodium channel inhibitors and
calcium
channel inhibitors (KP I, KP4, KP6 toxins and the like produced by viruses
have been known);
stilbene synthases; bibenzyl synthases; chitinases; glucanases; and substances
produced by
microorganisms, such as peptide antibiotics, antibiotics having hetero rings,
and protein
factors responsible for resistance to plants diseases (referred to as plant
disease resistance
genes, and described in W003/000906). These anti-pathogenic substances and
gene
recombinant plants producing thereof are described in EP-A-0392225,
W095/33818,
EP-A-0353191, and the like.
[0179] These plants also include crops that have been provided with
useful traits,
such as traits of reformed oil and fat components or traits of enhanced amino
acid components,
by using gene recombinant technologies. Examples thereof include VISTIVE
<registered
trademark> (low linolenic soybeans in which linolenic contents are reduced)
and high-lysine
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
58
(hig hoil) corns (corns in which lysine or oil contents are increased).
[0180] These plants further include stacked varieties in which two
or more useful
traits such as classical herbicide traits; herbicide resistant genes;
insecticidal pest resistant
genes; anti-pathogenic substance producing genes; and traits of reformed oil
and fat
components or traits of enhanced amino acid components are combined.
[0181] Although the composition of the present invention can be
used as a mixture
comprising one or two selected from the first active ingredient compounds I
and one or more
selected from the second active ingredient compounds II exclusively, usually
the composition
is mixed with a suitable solid carrier or a liquid carrier, and if desired, a
surfactant, a penetrant,
a spreading agent, a thickener, an antifreezing agent, a binder, an anticaking
agent, a
disintegrant, an antifoaming agent, a preservative, a stabilizing agent, and
the like are further
added thereto, so that the composition can be provided for uses as a
formulation of any dosage
form, such as a soluble concentrate, an emulsifiable concentrate, a wettable
powder, a water
soluble powder, water dispersible granules, water soluble granules, a
suspension concentrate, a
concentrated emulsion, a suspoemulsion, a microemulsion, a dustable powder,
granules, a
tablet, and an emulsifiable gel. From the point of view of saving labor and
improving safety,
the formulation of any dosage form of above can be provided by including it in
a
water-soluble packaging body, such as a water-soluble capsule and a water-
soluble film.
[0182] Examples of the solid carrier include natural minerals, such
as quartz, calcite,
meerschaum, dolomite, chalk, kaolinite, pyrophyllite, sericite, halloysite,
metahalloysite,
kibushi clay, potter's clay, pottery stone, zeeklite, allophane, silas, mica,
talc, bentonite,
activated white clay, acid clay, pumice stone, attapulgite, zeolite, and
diatomaceous earth;
burned natural mineral products, such as burned clay, pearlite, silas balloon,
vermiculite,
attapulgus clay, and burned diatomaceous earth; inorganic salts, such as
magnesium carbonate,
calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, ammonium
sulfate, sodium
sulfate, magnesium sulfate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, ammonium dihydrogen
phosphate, and potassium chloride; sugars, such as glucose, fructose, sucrose,
and lactose;
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
59
polysaccharides, such as starch, powder cellulose, and dextrin; organic
substances, such as
urea, urea derivative, benzoic acid, and salts of benzoic acid; plants, such
as wood powder,
cork powder, corn rachises, walnut shells, and tobacco stems; fly ashes; white
carbon (such as
aqueous synthetic silica, anhydrous synthetic silica, and aqueous synthetic
silicate); and
fertilizers.
[0183] Examples of the liquid carrier include aromatic
hydrocarbons, such as xylene,
an alkyl (C9, C10, or the like) benzene, phenylxylyl ethane, and an alkyl (C1,
C3, or the like)
naphthalene; aliphatic hydrocarbons, such as a machine oil, normal paraffin,
isoparaffin, and
naphthene; a mixture of an aromatic hydrocarbon and an aliphatic hydrocarbon,
such as
kerosene; alcohols, such as ethanol, isopropanol (2-propanol), cyclohexanol,
phenoxyethanol,
and benzyl alcohol; polyalcohols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol,
diethylene glycol,
hexylene glycol, polyethylene glycols, and polypropylene glycols; ethers, such
as propyl
cellosolve, butyl cellosolve, phenyl cellosolve, propylene glycol monomethyl
ether, propylene
glycol monoethyl ether, propylene glycol monopropyl ether, propylene glycol
monobutyl ether,
and propylene glycol monophenyl ether; ketones, such as acetophenone,
cyclohexanone, and
y-butyrolactone; esters, such as fatty acid methyl esters, succinic acid
dialkyl esters, glutamic
acid dialkyl esters, adipic acid dialkyl esters, and phthalic acid dialkyl
esters; acid amides,
such as a N-alkyl (C1, C8, C12, or the like) pyrrolidone; fats and oils, such
as soybean oil,
flaxseed oil, canola oil, coconut oil, cottonseed oil, and castor oil;
dimethyl sulfoxide; and
water.
These solid and liquid carriers may be used alone, or two or more of them may
be used in
combination.
[0184] Examples of the surfactant include nonionic surfactants,
such as a
polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, a polyoxyethylene alkyl (mono or di)phenyl ether,
a
polyoxyethylene (mono, di, or tri)styrylphenyl ether, a polyoxyethylene-
polyoxypropylene
block copolymer, a polyoxyethylene fatty acid (mono or di)ester, a sorbitan
fatty acid ester, a
polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, a castor oil ethylene oxide adduct,
acetylene glycol,
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
an acetylene alcohol, an ethylene oxide adduct of acetylene glycol, an
ethylene oxide adduct
of an acetylene alcohol, and an alkyl glycoside; anionic surfactants, such as
an alkyl sulfuric
acid ester salt, an alkyl benzenesulfonate, lignin sulfonate, an alkyl
sulfosuccinate,
naphthalenesulfonate, an alkyl naphthalenesulfonate, a salt of a formalin
condensate of
5 naphthalenesulfonate, a salt of a formalin condensate of an alkyl
naphthalenesulfonate; a
polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid ester salt, a
polyoxyethylene
(mono or di)alkyl phenyl ether sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid ester salt, a
polyoxyethylene
(mono, di, or tri)styrylphenyl ether sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid ester
salt, a
polycarboxylate (for example, a polyacrylate, a polymaleate, a copolymer of
maleic acid and
10 olefin, and the like), and polystyrene sulfonate; cationic surfactants,
such as an alkylamine salt
and an alkyl quaternary ammonium salt; amphoteric surfactants, such as amino
acid
surfactants and betaine surfactants; silicone-based surfactants; and fluorine-
based surfactants.
Although the content of the surfactant is not particularly limited, it is
preferably within a
range of 0.05 part by weight to 20 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts
by weight of the
15 formulation of the present invention. These surfactants may be used
alone, or two or more of
them may be used in combination.
[0185] Next, mixing examples of formulations in which the
composition of the
present invention is used will be shown. However, mixing examples of the
present invention
are not limited thereto. Note that, in the mixing examples below, "part(s)"
refers to part(s) by
20 weight, and "active ingredient compound" is a collective term referring
to the first active
ingredient compound I and the second active ingredient compound IT of the
composition of the
present invention.
[0186] [Wettable Powder]
Active ingredient compound 0.1 part to 80 parts
25 Solid carrier 5 parts to 98.9 parts
Surfactant 1 part to 10 parts
Others 0 part to 5 parts
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
61
Examples of "others" include an anticaking agent and a stabilizing agent.
[0187] [Emulsifiable Concentrate]
Active ingredient compound 0.1 part to 30 parts
Liquid carrier 45 parts to 95 parts
Surfactant 4.9 parts to 15 parts
Others 0 part to 10 parts
Examples of "others" include a spreading agent and a stabilizing agent.
[0188] [Suspension Concentrate]
Active ingredient compound 0.1 part to 70 parts
Liquid carrier 15 parts to 98.89 parts
Surfactant 1 part to 12 parts
Others 0.01 part to 30 parts
Examples of "others" include an antifreezing agent and a thickener.
[0189] [Water Dispersible Granule]
Active ingredient compound 0.1 part to 90 parts
Solid carrier 0 part to 98.9 parts
Surfactant 1 part to 20 parts
Others 0 part to 10 parts
Examples of "others" include a binder and a stabilizing agent.
[0190] [Soluble Concentrate]
Active ingredient compound 0.01 part to 70 parts
Liquid carrier 20 parts to 99.99 parts
Others 0 part to 10 parts
Examples of "others" include an antifreezing agent and a spreading agent.
[0191] [Granule]
Active ingredient compound 0.01 part to 80 parts
Solid carrier 10 parts to 99.99 parts
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
62
Others 0 part to 10 parts
Examples of "others" include a binder and a stabilizing agent.
[0192] [Dustable Powder]
Active ingredient compound 0.01 part to 30 parts
Solid carrier 65 parts to 99.99 parts
Others 0 part to 5 parts
Examples of "others" include an anti drift agent and a stabilizing agent.
[0193] Next, specific examples of the agrochemical formulation
containing the
composition of the present invention as the active ingredient will be shown;
however, the
present invention is not limited thereto.
Note that, "part(s)" in the mixing examples below refers to part(s) by weight.
[0194] [Mixing Example 1] Wettable Powder
Compound (1) 10 parts
Compound No. mu 10 parts
Pyrophyllite 76 parts
SORPOL 5039 2 parts
(a mixture of a nonionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant: the name of the
product of
TOHO Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
Carplex #80D 2 parts
(synthetic hydrous silicate: the name of the product of Shionogi & Co., Ltd.)
These materials are uniformly mixed and pulverized to prepare a wettable
powder.
[0195] [Mixing Example 2] Emulsifiable Concentrate
Compound (1) 3 parts
Compound No. nr 2 parts
Xylene 75 parts
N-methylpyrrolidone 15 parts
SORPOL 2680 5 parts
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63
(a mixture of a nonionic surfactant and an anionic surfactant: the name of the
product of
TOHO Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.)
These materials are uniformly mixed to prepare an emulsifiable concentrate.
[0196] [Mixing Example 3] Suspension Concentrate
Compound (1) 15 parts
Compound No. no 10 parts
AGRISOL S-710 10 parts
(nonionic surfactant: the name of the product of Kao Corporation)
Lunox 1000C 0.5 part
(anionic surfactant: the name of the product of TOHO Chemical Industry Co.,
Ltd.)
Xanthan gum 0.2 part
Water 64.3 parts
These materials are uniformly mixed, and then wet milled to prepare a
suspension
concentrate.
[0197] [Mixing Example 4] Water Dispersible Granule
Compound (1) 40 parts
Compound No. fly 35 parts
HITENOL NE-15 5 parts
(anionic surfactant: the name of the product of DKS Co. Ltd.)
VANILLEX N 10 parts
(anionic surfactant: the name of the product of Nippon Paper Industries Co.,
Ltd.)
Carplex #80D 10 parts
(synthetic hydrous silicate: the name of the product of Shionogi & Co., Ltd.)
These materials are uniformly mixed and pulverized. After a small amount of
water is
added thereto, the mixture is stirred. Then, the mixture is granulated with an
extrusion
granulator, and is dried to obtain water dispersible granules.
[0198] [Mixing Example 51 Granule
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64
Compound (1) 3 parts
Compound No. nx 2 parts
Bentonite 50 parts
Talc 45 parts
These materials are uniformly mixed and pulverized. After a small amount of
water is
added thereto, the mixture is stirred. Then, the mixture is granulated with an
extrusion
granulator, and is dried to obtain granules.
[0199] [Mixing Example 6] Dustable Powder
Compound (1) 2 parts
Compound No. nb 1 parts
Carplex #80D 0.5 part
(white carbon: the name of the product of Shionogi & Co., Ltd.)
Kaolinite 95 parts
Diisopropyl phosphate 1.5 parts
These materials are uniformly mixed and pulverized to prepare a dustable
powder.
At the time of use, the wettable powder, emulsifiable concentrate, flowable
agent, and
water dispersible granules are diluted to 50 to 20,000-fold with water in
order to spray 0.005
kg to 50 kg of the active ingredient per 1 hectare (ha).
In the present invention, the composition of the present invention, which
contains the first
active ingredient compound I and the second active ingredient compound II, can
be made as a
formulation for uses, as described above. However, a chemical containing the
first active
ingredient compound I or the second active ingredient compound II as an active
ingredient can
be prepared separately, and then these chemicals can be used at the same time
or at different
times that are close to each other, in order to obtain excellent synergistic
control effects.
Note that, when these chemicals are used at different times that are close to
each other, the
second chemical is preferably sprayed after the first sprayed chemical is
sufficiently dried.
However, it may vary depending on control methods, diseases to be controlled,
and the like.
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
Examples
[0200] Hereinafter, a method for manufacturing Compound (1) and
Compound (2)
used in the composition of the present invention will be specifically
explained.
5 [0201] [Synthesis Example 1] Manufacture of Compound (1)
In a 100 ml pressure reaction vessel, 3.00 g (6.62 mmol) of
3-(4-bromo-3-methylpheny1)-5-(3,5-dichloropheny1)-5-trifluoromethyl-4,5-
dihydroisoxazole
(2-1) that was synthesized according to the method described in W02010/005048,
1.24 g
(7.95 mmol) of 2-amino-N-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)acetamide, 1.1 g (7.95 mmol) of
potassium
10 carbonate, 41.0 mg (0.099 mmol) of 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane,
0.14 g (0.033 mmol)
of 5% by mass palladium-carbon (50% aqueous), and 30 ml of 1,2-dimethoxyethane
were
placed. After the reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen, then with carbon
monoxide, the
reaction vessel was filled with the carbon monoxide at 1.0 MPa. The
temperature was raised
to 105 C, and a reaction was performed for 5 hours as stirred at the same
temperature.
15 During the reaction, the pressure inside was increased to 1.3 MPa at
most. After that, the
reaction vessel was cooled to room temperature, the pressure inside of the
vessel was reduced
to atmospheric pressure, and the reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen.
Insoluble matter
in the reaction solution was filtered off by celite filtration, and the celite
was washed with
ethyl acetate and water. The obtained filtrate was made to be acidic by adding
concentrated
20 hydrochloric acid. After an aqueous phase was separated, an organic
phase was washed with
saline. The organic phase was dried with anhydrous magnesium sulfate. After
filtering off,
a solvent was removed by vacuum distillation. The obtained residue was
crystallized with
ethyl acetate/hexane=3/18 (m1) to obtain 2.54 g (4.57 mmol) of the target
material as a light
yellow solid.
25 [0202] [Synthesis Example 2] Manufacture of Compound (2)
Synthesis Example 2-1: Synthesis of
445-(3,5-dichloropheny1)-5-trifluoromethy1-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-y1]-2-
methylbenzamide
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66
To a reaction vessel equipped with a Dean-Stark apparatus whose trap was
filled with
toluene, 10.0 g of 4-acetyl-2-methylbenzamide, 143.7 g of toluene, and 1.9 g
of water were
added in this order, and the mixture was heated at 85 C as stirred for 1 hour.
After the
stirring was completed, 13.9 g of 3',5'-dichloro-2,2,2-trifluoromethyl
acetophenone and 2.8 g
of a 5% by weight tetrabutyl ammonium hydroxide aqueous solution were added
thereto, and
the mixture was heated at 85 C as stirred for 1 hour. After the stirring was
completed, the
reaction mixture was continued to be stirred at 65 C for 3 hours. After the
stirring was
completed, the pressure was reduced to 20 kPa, and the mixture was refluxed
for 12 hours to
be azeotropically dehydrated. After the stirring was completed, the mixture
was cooled to
0 C, and 2.5 g of 1,8-diazabicyclo[5,4,0]-7-undecene, 9.5 g of 1,1,3,3-
tetramethylguanidine,
and 18.3 g of a 25% by weight hydroxyamine aqueous solution were added
thereto. After the
addition was completed, the reaction mixture was stirred for 21 hours at the
same temperature.
After the stirring was completed, 8.0 g of a 20% by weight hydrochloric acid
aqueous solution
and 63.1 g of 2-propanol were added thereto. The obtained reaction mixture was
washed
three times with 53.4 g of water, and then 50.4 g of the solvent was removed
by vacuum
distillation. 28.8 g of toluene was further added thereto, and the mixture was
heated to
100 C to dissolve slurry, and then cooled to 0 C to be crystallized. After the
obtained slurry
was filtrated, the obtained crystal was washed with 19.2 g of toluene that was
cooled to 0 C.
The obtained solid was vacuum-dried to obtain 16.7 g of the target material.
The obtained
solid was analyzed by an internal reference analysis method using HPLC, and
the result
showed that the purity was 98.3%.
[0203] The conditions of the analysis using HPLC are shown below.
Column: Inertsil Ph-3 50 mm 4.6 mm 4 3 p.m (manufactured by GL Sciences Inc.)
Flow rate: 1 mL/min
Eluent: acetonitrile/water/acetic acid=800/1,200/1.2 (volume ratio)
Detection: UV 220 nm
Internal standard material: 4-t-butylbiphenyl
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67
[0204] Synthesis Example 2-2: Synthesis of Compound (2)
2.00 g of
415-(3,5-dichloropheny1)-5-trifluoromethy1-4,5-dihydroisoxazole-3-y1]-2-
methylbenzamide
that was obtained in Synthesis Example 2-1, 4.26 g of ortho formic acid
triethyl, and 10 ml of
a 0.60 g methoxyamine hydrochloride toluene solution were stirred at 35 C for
24 hours.
After the stirring was completed, 10 ml of toluene was added to the reaction
solution. After
the addition was completed, the reaction solution was heated to 60 C to 65 C,
and washed
with water (4 mlx3 times). 10 ml of toluene was removed from the obtained
toluene solution
by vacuum distillation. After the removal by vacuum distillation, the toluene
solution was
cooled from about 70 C at a rate of about 20 C/hour. After crystals were
generated in the
toluene solution, the solution was stirred at 0 C to 5 C for 3 hours. After
the stirring was
completed, the deposited crystals were separated by vacuum filtration, and the
obtained
crystals were vacuum-dried to obtain 1.92 g of the target material as white
crystals.
[0205] [Test Example]
Next, the usefulness of the present invention will be specifically explained
in the Efficacy
Test Examples below. However, the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0206] [Test Example 1] Efficacy Test for Common Cutworm
Each of Compound (1) or Compound (2) and the compounds listed in Table 1 was
formulated into a 10% emulsifiable concentrate (some compound was formulated
into a 25%
wettable powder). The formulations were diluted with water containing a
spreading agent to
prepare chemical solutions of given concentrations. Cabbage leaves were dipped
in the
chemical solutions for 10 seconds. The dipped cabbage leaves were transferred
on filter
papers placed in 7 cm petri dishes with one leaf per one petri dish, and the
leaves were air
dried. After the air drying was completed, the seven third instar larvae of
common cutworms
were placed in each petri dish and then the petri dishes were placed in an
incubator at 25 C.
Six days after the treatment, the numbers of dead larvae were checked, and the
percentages of
dead insects were calculated according to the calculating equation below. Note
that the tests
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
68
were conducted in duplicate.
The percentage of dead insects (%)=the number of dead insects/the number of
tested
insectsx100
To each concentration of chemical solutions, the synergistic effect was
calculated from
the percentage of dead insects by using Colby's method (Colby S. R. 1976,
Weeds 15, 20-22).
The calculation method was as follows.
E=X+Y-XY/100
X: an observed value at an x concentration of Chemical A (the percentage of
dead
insects)
Y: an observed value at a y concentration of Chemical B (the percentage of
dead insects)
E: the percentage of dead insects expected at the time of a mixed treatment
with
Chemical A and Chemical B.
The obtained results were analyzed as follows. If the observed value was
larger than the
expected value, there was a synergistic effect; if the expected value was
larger than the
observed value, there was an antagonist effect; and if the observed value and
the expected
value were same, there was an additive effect. The combinations that showed
synergistic
effects are listed in Tables 3 to 8 below.
[Table 3]
Active ingredient Concentration Percentage of Percentage of
Dead Insect (%) Dead Insect (%)
(PPm) Observed Value Expected Value
Compound (1) 0.017 28.6
Compound (2) 0.017 35.7
Compound aa 0.083 21.4
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69
Compound ar 0.5 35.7
Compound (1)+Compound aa 0.017+0.083 85.7 43.9
Compound (1)+Compound ar 0.017+0.5 78.6 54.1
Compound (2)+Compound aa 0.017+0.083 85.7 49.5
Compound (2)+Compound ar 0.017+0.5 71.4 58.7
Non-treated 0 0
[Table 41
Active ingredient Concentration Percentage of Percentage of
Dead Insect (%) Dead Insect (%)
(PPrn) Observed Value Expected Value
Compound (2) 0.025 35.7
Compound em 32 60.0
Compound (2)+Compound em 0.025+32 92.9 74.3
Non-treated 0 0
[Table 5]
Active ingredient Concentration Percentage of Percentage of
Dead Insect (%) Dead Insect (%)
(PPm) Observed Value Expected Value
Compound (2) 0.025 35.7
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
Compound el 4.4 78.6
Compound (2)+Compound el 0.025+32 100 86.2
Non-treated 0 0
5
[Table 6]
Active ingredient Concentration Percentage of Percentage of
Dead Insect (%)
Dead Insect (%)
10 (PPrn) Observed Value
Expected Value
Compound (2) 0.025 35.7
Compound dc 1.7 53.8
Compound (2)+Compound dc 0.025+1.7 83.3 70.3
15 Non-treated 0 0
[Table 7]
20 Active ingredient Concentration Percentage of Percentage of
Dead Insect (%)
Dead Insect (%)
(PPm) Observed Value Expected Value
Compound (2) 0.005 14.3
25 Compound am 0.17 7.7
Compound (2)+Compound am 0.005+0.17 61.5 20.9
Non-treated 0 0
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71
[Table 8]
Active ingredient Concentration Percentage of Percentage of
Dead Insect (%) Dead Insect (%)
(PPm) Observed Value Expected Value
Compound (2) 0.005 14.3
Compound ey 1.7 64.3
Compound (2)+Compound ey 0.005+0.17 84.6 69.4
Non-treated 0 0
[0207] [Test Example 2] Efficacy Test for Cotton Bollworm
Each of Compound (1) or Compound (2) and the compounds listed in Table 1 was
formulated into a 10% emulsifiable concentrate (some compound was formulated
into a 25%
wettable powder). The formulations were diluted with water containing a
spreading agent to
prepare chemical solutions of given concentrations. Cabbage leaves were dipped
in the
chemical solutions for 10 seconds. The dipped cabbage leaves were transferred
on filter
papers placed in 7 cm petri dishes with one leaf per one petri dish, and the
leaves were air
dried. After the air drying was completed, the seven fourth instar larvae of
cotton bollworms
were placed in each petri dish, and then, the petri dishes were placed in an
incubator at 25 C.
Six days after the treatment, the numbers of dead larvae were checked, and the
percentages of
dead insects were calculated according to the calculating equation below. Note
that the tests
were conducted in duplicate.
The percentage of dead insects (%)=the number of dead insects/the number of
tested
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
72
insectsx 100
To each concentration of chemical solutions, the synergistic effect was
calculated from
the percentage of dead insects by using Colby's method (Colby S. R. 1976,
Weeds 15, 20-22).
The calculation method was as follows.
E=X+Y-XY/100
X: an observed value at an x concentration of Chemical A (the percentage of
dead
insects)
Y: an observed value at a y concentration of Chemical B (the percentage of
dead insects)
E: the percentage of dead insects expected at the time of a mixed treatment
with
Chemical A and Chemical B.
The obtained results were analyzed as follows. If the observed value was
larger than the
expected value, there was a synergistic effect; if the expected value was
larger than the
observed value, there was an antagonist effect; and if the observed value and
the expected
value were same, there was an additive effect. The combinations that showed
synergistic
effects are listed in Table 9 below.
[Table 9]
Active ingredient Concentration Percentage of Percentage of
Dead Insect (%) Dead Insect (%)
(PPm) Observed Value Expected Value
Compound (1) 0.125 28.6
Compound (2) 0.125 35.7
Compound al 0.25 42.9
Compound ca 0.025 35.7
Compound (1)+Compound al 0.125+0.25 92.9 59.2
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73
Compound (1)+Compound ca 0.125+0.025 85.7 54.1
Compound (2)+Compound al 0.125+0.25 85.7 63.3
Compound (2)+Compound ca 0.125+0.025 100 58.7
Non-treated 0 0
[0208] [Test Example 3] Efficacy Test for Sweetpotato Whitefly
Biotype B
Each of Compound (1) or Compound (2) and the compounds listed in Table 1 was
formulated into a 10% emulsifiable concentrate. The formulations were diluted
with water to
prepare chemical solutions of given concentrations. A styrol cup (having the
diameter of the
lid of 7.5 cm, and the height of 4 cm) was filled with tap water, and a lid
having a hole in its
center was placed on the styrol cup, and a filter paper was placed on the lid
to absorb tap water.
An absorbent cotton (5 cmx5 cm) wetted with tap water was placed on the filter
paper, and a
leaf disk (having the diameter of 3 cm) made of a common bean leaf was placed
on the
absorbent cotton. Each of the test containers was treated with a spray
solution as was
uniformly sprayed by using a spraying apparatus (2.5 ml/cup). The 20
sweetpotato whitefly
adult insects were placed on the leaf disk, and a mesh lid was placed over the
container to
prevent escape of the insects. Examinations were conducted 5 days after
spraying, and the
percentages of dead insects were calculated according to the calculating
equation below.
Note that the tests were conducted in duplicate.
The percentage of dead insects (%)=the number of dead insects/the number of
tested
insectsx 100
To each concentration of chemical solutions, the synergistic effect was
calculated from
the percentage of dead insects by using Colby's method (Colby S. R. 1976,
Weeds 15, 20-22).
The calculation method was as follows.
E=X+Y-XY/100
X: an observed value at an x concentration of Chemical A (the percentage of
dead
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
74
insects)
Y: an observed value at a y concentration of Chemical B (the percentage of
dead insects)
E: the percentage of dead insects expected at the time of a mixed treatment
with
Chemical A and Chemical B.
The obtained results were analyzed as follows. If the observed value was
larger than the
expected value, there was a synergistic effect; if the expected value was
larger than the
observed value, there was an antagonist effect; and if the observed value and
the expected
value were same, there was an additive effect. The combinations that showed
synergistic
effects are listed in Table 10 below.
[Table 10]
Active ingredient Concentration Percentage of Percentage of
Dead Insect (%) Dead Insect (%)
(PPrn) Observed Value Expected Value
Compound (2) 5 36.6
Compound ci 25 40.5
Compound (2)+Compound ci 5+25 82.1 62.3
Non-treated 0 15.8
[0209] [Test Example 4] Efficacy Test for Melon Thrips Female Adult
Insect
Each of Compound (1) or Compound (2) and the compounds listed in Table 1 was
formulated into a 10% emulsifiable concentrate. The formulations were diluted
with water to
prepare chemical solutions of given concentrations. A styrol cup (having the
diameter of the
lid of 7.5 cm, and the height of 4 cm) was filled with tap water, and a lid
having a hole in its
CA 02953903 2016-12-29
center was placed on the styrol cup, and a filter paper was placed on the lid
to absorb tap water.
An absorbent cotton (5 cmx5 cm) wetted with tap water was placed on the filter
paper, and a
leaf disk (having the diameter of 1.7 cm) made of a cucumber leaf was placed
on the absorbent
cotton. The ten melon thrips female adult insects were placed on the leaf
disk. Each of the
5 test containers was treated with a spray solution as was uniformly
sprayed by using a spraying
apparatus (2.5 ml/cup). Examinations were conducted 2 days after spraying, and
the
percentages of dead insects were calculated according to the calculating
equation below.
Note that the tests were conducted in duplicate.
The percentage of dead insects (%)=the number of dead insects/the number of
tested
10 insectsx100
To each concentration of chemical solutions, the synergistic effect was
calculated from
the percentage of dead insects by using Colby's method (Colby S. R. 1976,
Weeds 15, 20-22).
The calculation method was as follows.
E=X+Y-XY/100
15 X: an observed value at an x concentration of Chemical A (the percentage
of dead
insects)
Y: an observed value at a y concentration of Chemical B (the percentage of
dead insects)
E: the percentage of dead insects expected at the time of a mixed treatment
with
Chemical A and Chemical B.
20 The obtained results were analyzed as follows. If the observed value was
larger than the
expected value, there was a synergistic effect; if the expected value was
larger than the
observed value, there was an antagonist effect; and if the observed value and
the expected
value were same, there was an additive effect. The combinations that showed
synergistic
effects are listed in Table 11 below.
[Table 111
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76
Active ingredient Concentration Percentage of Percentage of
Dead Insect (%) Dead Insect (%)
(PPm) Observed Value Expected Value
Compound (2) 5 42.1
Compound bx 2.5 52.6
Compound (2)+Compound bx 5+2.5 84.2 72.6
Non-treated 0 15
[0210] [Test Example 5] Efficacy Test for Western Flower Thrips
Larva
A styrol cup (having the diameter of the lid of 7.5 cm, and the height of 4
cm) was filled
with tap water, and a lid having a hole in its center was placed on the styrol
cup, and a leaf
disk (having the diameter of 1.7 cm) made of a common bean leaf was placed on
the lid.
Suitable amounts of eggs of Western flower thrips were placed on the leaf
disk, and were
controlled in a thermostatic chamber for 24 hours to be hatched. Each of
Compound (1) or
Compound (2) and the compounds listed in Table 1 was formulated into a 10%
emulsifiable
concentrate. The formulations were diluted with water to prepare chemical
solutions of
given concentrations. Each of the test containers was treated with a spray
solution as was
uniformly sprayed by using a spraying apparatus (2.5 ml/cup). Examinations
were conducted
1 day after spraying, and the percentages of dead insects were calculated
according to the
calculating equation below. Note that the tests were conducted in duplicate.
The percentage of dead insects (%)=the number of dead insects/the number of
tested
insectsx 100
To each concentration of chemical solutions, the synergistic effect was
calculated from
the percentage of dead insects by using Colby's method (Colby S. R. 1976,
Weeds 15, 20-22).
The calculation method was as follows.
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77
E=X+Y-XY/100
X: an observed value at an x concentration of Chemical A (the percentage of
dead
insects)
Y: an observed value at a y concentration of Chemical B (the percentage of
dead insects)
E: the percentage of dead insects expected at the time of a mixed treatment
with
Chemical A and Chemical B.
The obtained results were analyzed as follows. If the observed value was
larger than the
expected value, there was a synergistic effect; if the expected value was
larger than the
observed value, there was an antagonist effect; and if the observed value and
the expected
value were same, there was an additive effect. The combinations that showed
synergistic
effects are listed in Table 12 below.
[Table 12]
Active ingredient Concentration Percentage of Percentage of
Dead Insect (%) Dead Insect (%)
(PPm) Observed Value Expected Value
Compound (2) 1 29.5
Compound q 20 8.5
Compound cc 20 27.2
Compound (2)+Compound q 1+20 56.6 35.4
Compound (2)+Compound ce 1+20 72.0 48.7
Non-treated 0 8.0
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[0211] [Reference
Example 1] Efficacy Test for Varroa Mite
The Compound (1) or Compound (2) was adjusted to a given concentration with
acetone.
After the adjustment, 300 ill of each of the prepared solutions was poured
into a 20 ml screw
bottle. The solvent was volatilized as the inner surface of the bottle was
uniformly coated
with the solution, and then the bottle was stored in a cool and dark place
overnight. To
obtain varroa mites, a blood comb was taken out from a beehive of honey bees
on the day
before placing of mites, and pupae having varroa mites were taken and placed
in a petri dish.
The petri dish was stored in an incubator at 34 C overnight under the total
darkness condition,
and then only surviving varroa mites were collected. The collected varroa
mites were placed
in each of the screw bottles that were treated with the above-described
chemicals, and the
screw bottles were closed with caps. After three hours, the pupae of honey
bees were placed
in the screw bottles; the screw bottles were closed with caps again, and were
stored in an
incubator at 34 C under the total darkness condition. The number of dead
insects 24 hours
after placing was checked, and the percentages of dead insects were calculated
according to
the calculating equation below. The results are shown in Table 13. Note that
the tests were
conducted in quadruplicate of three in one plot.
The percentage of dead insects (%)=--the number of dead insects/the number of
tested
insectsx 100
[Table 131
Active ingredient Concentration (lig/tube) Percentage of Dead Insect
(%)
Compound No. (1) 100 100
Compound No. (2) 100 100
Non-treated 0 0
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INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY
[02121 The composition of the present invention and the method of the
present
invention can be used for controlling various pests.
