R - Charts and Graphs - GeeksforGeeks (2024)

Last Updated : 09 Dec, 2021

Improve

R language is mostly used for statistics and data analytics purposes to represent the data graphically in the software. To represent those data graphically, charts and graphs are used in R.

R – graphs

There are hundreds of charts and graphs present in R. For example, bar plot, box plot, mosaic plot, dot chart, coplot, histogram, pie chart, scatter graph, etc.

Types of R – Charts

Bar Plot or Bar Chart
Pie Diagram or Pie Chart
Histogram
Scatter Plot
Box Plot

Bar Plot or Bar Chart

Bar plot or Bar Chart in R is used to represent the values in data vector as height of the bars. The data vector passed to the function is represented over y-axis of the graph. Bar chart can behave like histogram by using table() function instead of data vector.

Syntax: barplot(data, xlab, ylab)
where:
data is the data vector to be represented on y-axis
xlab is the label given to x-axis
ylab is the label given to y-axis

Note: To know about more optional parameters in barplot() function, use the below command in R console:

help("barplot")

Example:

R

# defining vector

x <- c(7, 15, 23, 12, 44, 56, 32)

# output to be present as PNG file

png(file = "barplot.png")

# plotting vector

barplot(x, xlab = "GeeksforGeeks Audience",

ylab = "Count", col = "white",

col.axis = "darkgreen",

col.lab = "darkgreen")

# saving the file

dev.off()

Output:

Pie Diagram or Pie Chart

Pie chart is a circular chart divided into different segments according to the ratio of data provided. The total value of the pie is 100 and the segments tell the fraction of the whole pie. It is another method to represent statistical data in graphical form and pie() function is used to perform the same.

Syntax: pie(x, labels, col, main, radius)
where,
x is data vector
labels shows names given to slices
col fills the color in the slices as given parameter
main shows title name of the pie chart
radius indicates radius of the pie chart. It can be between -1 to +1

Note: To know about more optional parameters in pie() function, use the below command in the R console:

help("pie")

Example:

Assume, vector x indicates the number of articles present on the GeeksforGeeks portal in categories names(x)

R

# defining vector x with number of articles

x <- c(210, 450, 250, 100, 50, 90)

# defining labels for each value in x

names(x) <- c("Algo", "DS", "Java", "C", "C++", "Python")

# output to be present as PNG file

R

# importing library plotrix for pie3D()

library(plotrix)

# defining vector x with number of articles

x <- c(210, 450, 250, 100, 50, 90)

# defining labels for each value in x

names(x) <- c("Algo", "DS", "Java", "C", "C++", "Python")

# output to be present as PNG file

png(file = "piechart3d.png")

# creating pie chart

pie3D(x, labels = names(x), col = "white",

main = "Articles on GeeksforGeeks",

labelcol = "darkgreen", col.main = "darkgreen")

# saving the file

dev.off()

Output:

Histogram

Histogram is a graphical representation used to create a graph with bars representing the frequency of grouped data in vector. Histogram is same as bar chart but only difference between them is histogram represents frequency of grouped data rather than data itself.

Syntax: hist(x, col, border, main, xlab, ylab)
where:
x is data vector
col specifies the color of the bars to be filled
border specifies the color of border of bars
main specifies the title name of histogram
xlab specifies the x-axis label
ylab specifies the y-axis label

Note: To know about more optional parameters in hist() function, use below command in R console:

help("hist")

Example:

R

# defining vector

x <- c(21, 23, 56, 90, 20, 7, 94, 12,

57, 76, 69, 45, 34, 32, 49, 55, 57)

# output to be present as PNG file

png(file = "hist.png")

# hist(x, main = "Histogram of Vector x",

xlab = "Values",

col.lab = "darkgreen",

col.main = "darkgreen")

# saving the file

dev.off()

Output:

Scatter Plot

A Scatter plot is another type of graphical representation used to plot the points to show relationship between two data vectors. One of the data vectors is represented on x-axis and another on y-axis.

Syntax: plot(x, y, type, xlab, ylab, main)
Where,
x is the data vector represented on x-axis
y is the data vector represented on y-axis
type specifies the type of plot to be drawn. For example, “l” for lines, “p” for points, “s” for stair steps, etc.
xlab specifies the label for x-axis
ylab specifies the label for y-axis
main specifies the title name of the graph

Note: To know about more optional parameters in plot() function, use the below command in R console:

help("plot")

Example:

R

# taking input from dataset Orange already

# present in R

orange <- Orange[, c('age', 'circumference')]

# output to be present as PNG file

png(file = "plot.png")

# plotting

plot(x = orange$age, y = orange$circumference, xlab = "Age",

ylab = "Circumference", main = "Age VS Circumference",

col.lab = "darkgreen", col.main = "darkgreen",

col.axis = "darkgreen")

# saving the file

dev.off()

Output:

If a scatter plot has to be drawn to show the relation between 2 or more vectors or to plot the scatter plot matrix between the vectors, then pairs() function is used to satisfy the criteria.

Syntax: pairs(~formula, data)
where,
~formula is the mathematical formula such as ~a+b+c
data is the dataset form where data is taken in formula

Note: To know about more optional parameters in pairs() function, use the below command in R console:

help("pairs")

Example :

R

# output to be present as PNG file

png(file = "plotmatrix.png")

# plotting scatterplot matrix

# using dataset Orange

pairs(~age + circumference, data = Orange,

col.axis = "darkgreen")

# saving the file

dev.off()

Output:

Box Plot

Box plot shows how the data is distributed in the data vector. It represents five values in the graph i.e., minimum, first quartile, second quartile(median), third quartile, the maximum value of the data vector.

Syntax: boxplot(x, xlab, ylab, notch)
where,
x specifies the data vector
xlab specifies the label for x-axis
ylab specifies the label for y-axis
notch, if TRUE then creates notch on both the sides of the box

Note: To know about more optional parameters in boxplot() function, use the below command in R console:

help("boxplot")

Example:

R

# defining vector with ages of employees

x <- c(42, 21, 22, 24, 25, 30, 29, 22,

23, 23, 24, 28, 32, 45, 39, 40)

# output to be present as PNG file

png(file = "boxplot.png")

# plotting

boxplot(x, xlab = "Box Plot", ylab = "Age",

col.axis = "darkgreen", col.lab = "darkgreen")

# saving the file

dev.off()

Output:

utkarsh_kumar

Improve

R - Pie Charts

R - Charts and Graphs - GeeksforGeeks (2024)

R – graphs

Types of R – Charts

Bar Plot or Bar Chart

R

Pie Diagram or Pie Chart

R

R

Histogram

R

Scatter Plot

R

R

Box Plot

R

Please Login to comment...